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Origins, Characteristics, and Uses of Crash Data

Origins, Characteristics, and Uses of Crash Data. Tracking your way through Road Safety 101. Core Competency 3: Module 1: State, Local, and Federal Data and Information Systems Module 2: Crash Data Collection and Use in Road Safety Management. 1.

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Origins, Characteristics, and Uses of Crash Data

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  1. Origins, Characteristics, and Uses of Crash Data

  2. Tracking your way through Road Safety 101 Core Competency 3: Module 1: State, Local, and Federal Data and Information Systems Module 2: Crash Data Collection and Use in Road Safety Management 1

  3. State, Local, and Federal Data and Information Systems Describe state, local and national data and information systems used in road safety management.

  4. Major Topics • Types and Sources of Data • State Crash Database Characteristics • Federal Databases • Benefits and Limitations of Federal Programs

  5. Types of Data Injury Surveillance Crash Other Roadway Citation/ Prosecution/ Adjudication Driver History Vehicle Registration

  6. Weather Conditions Time of Day, Day of Week Person Type (driver, occupant, pedestrian, etc.) Number and Severity of Injuries Traffic Law Violation Latitude and Longitude of Crash Location Manner of Collision Number of Vehicles Involved Alcohol or Drug Impairment Direction of Travel Crash Diagram Narrative Description of Crash Crash Data

  7. EMS Response Time Hospital Assessment of Injury Severity Hospital Length of Stay and Cost Rehabilitation Time and Cost Injury Surveillance

  8. Roadway • Location Referencing System • Roadway Classification • State Inventory Data File • Traffic control devices • Rail grade crossings • Structures (bridges, tunnels) • Traffic Volume

  9. Name and Address Age and Date of Birth Gender and Ethnicity Driver History – Previous Convictions License Status Driver History

  10. Vehicle Registration • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) • Registration Information and License Plate • Age/Model/Year • Weight of Vehicle • Owner Information U.S. DOT Number (commercial) Carrier Information (commercial) Inspection/Out-of-Service Records (commercial)

  11. Citation, Prosecution, Adjudication • Citation Tracking • Prosecution • Conviction and Sentencing • Recidivism • Sentencing

  12. Other Types of Data • GIS/GPS data • Insurance Data • Demographic Data • Behavioral Data, e.g., Occupant Protection Use Survey • Attitude/Perception/Knowledge Data • Safety Program Evaluation Data • Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

  13. State Database Characteristics • Relatively Complete Data on State Roads • Incomplete Data on Local Roads

  14. Federal Databases FHWA HSIS – Highway Safety Information System www.hsis.org HPMS – Highway Performance Monitoring System www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hpms 13

  15. FHWA (cont.) VMT – Vehicle Miles Traveled www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs03/re.htm Vehicle Registration www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs03/mv.htm Driver License Data www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs03/dl.htm 14

  16. NHTSA • FARS – Fatality Analysis Reporting System • www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/Main/index.aspx • NASS – National Automotive Sampling System • ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/NASS • GES – General Estimates System • Crash Worthiness Data System (CDS) 15

  17. NHTSA (cont.) Crash Worthiness Data System (CDS) CODES WISQARS National Driver Register 16

  18. NHTSA (cont.) • NEMSIS http://www.nemsis.org/softwareDevelopers/downloads/datasetDictionaries.html • Benefits of NEMSIS • Improve analysis • Compare data • Evaluate EMS role • Determine areas for policy intervention • Provide data for new or existing policies • Provide ongoing funding support 17

  19. FMCSA MCMIS – Motor Carrier Management Information System http://mcmiscatalog.fmcsa.dot.gov Census Inspection Crash Safety/Compliance/Educational Contact Reviews Enforcement 18

  20. FMCSA (cont.) TIFA – Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents www.umtri.umich.edu/cntbs/tifa.html LTCCS – Large Truck Crash Causation Study http://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/ltccs/default.asp?page=data CVISN – Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks 19

  21. Other Federal Agencies CDC – Centers for Disease Control www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars FTA – Federal Transit Administration www.fta.gov FRA – Federal Rail Administration http://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety BTS – Bureau of Transportation Statistics www.transtats.bts.gov/DataIndex.asp 20

  22. Benefits of National Databases National perspective/comparison Identify State Needs Identify Best Practices Research 21

  23. Limitations of National Programs State and Local In-Depth Analysis Consistency Accuracy Timeliness 22

  24. Review • Types and Sources of Data • State Crash Database Characteristics • Federal Databases • Benefits and Limitations of Federal Programs

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