Tropical rain forest

1. The World’s Major Terrestrial Biomes Tropical rain forest Temperategrassland Temperate forest Tundra Tropicaldry forest Desert Northwestern coniferous forest Mountains and ice caps Temperatewoodland and shrubland Tropical savanna : Boreal forest (Taiga)

2. What is a Biome? A large region of ecosystems that have the same climate and types of plants and animals What is climate? temperature and precipitation due to location from Equator

4. What is latitude and altitude? • Latitude is distance north and south of the equator • Altitude is height above sea level • 2 factors that determine climate

5. Tropical Rain Forest • Warm temperatures, wet weather, and lush plant growth. These forests are warm because they are near the equator. The average temperature is about 25 degrees Celsius.

6. Layers of Rain Forest

7. Species Diversity • Cover less than 7% of Earth land surface but contain 50% of all plant and animal species in the world

8. Threats

9. Temperate Rainforest • Moderate temps, lichens & moss • Ocean winds meet coastal mountains

10. Temperate Deciduous Forest • 4 seasons • Animals will hibernate

11. Temperate Forests • Dominated by broad-level hardwood trees that lose their foliage yearly.

12. What is a deciduous tree? A tree that sheds its leave during a particular seasons each year

13. Taiga • South of the tundra. • Also called the northern coniferous forest - fir, hemlock, and spruce trees. • Warmer and wetter than tundra but still has long, severe winters and short summers.

14. What is a Coniferous Tree? A tree with seed bearing cones and needle like leaves

15. Taiga • Permafrost usually absent. • Topsoil is acidic and poor in minerals. • Develops from decaying coniferous needles. • Trees in taiga provide more food and shelter for animals than the tundra. • More large animals than tundra.

16. Boreal Forests are also called Taiga What are seasons like in a Boreal Forest? Winters are bitterly cold and summers are mild, but long enough to allow the ground to thaw

17. Grasslands • Covered with grasses and similar small plants. All grasslands experience some sort of dry season but most get rain each year.

18. Savanna or Tropical Grassland

19. Savanna • Tropical biome dominated by grasses, shrubs and small trees • Short wet season

20. Temperate Grasslands • Grasses and wildflowers • Moderate rainfall but not enough to support trees • Fertile soil (farms)

21. Chaparral (shrubland) • Moderate dry, coastal climate with little or no rain in summer • Fires due to oils in shrubs

22. Deserts • Arid region with sparse to almost nonexistent plant life. • Deserts usually get less than 25 cm of rain each year. • Plants like cacti with special adaptations. • Leaves reduced to spines. • Photosynthetic stems. • Waxy coatings to reduce water loss. • Coyotes, hawks, owls, snakes, lizards, scorpions.

24. Deserts Soils are rich in minerals but poor in organic material Cacti and other succulents are dominant plants

25. What amount of annual precipitation defines a desert biome? When annual precipitation is less the 25cm per year

26. Tundra • Treeless land with long summer days and short periods of winter sunlight. • Thin topsoil with low nutrients because of slow decay. • Insects, weasels, arctic foxes, snowshoe hares, snowy owls, hawks, musk oxen, caribou, reindeer.

27. Tundra • Only the topmost layer of soil thaws during the summer. Underneath this topsoil is a layer permanently frozen ground called permafrost. • Frozen bodies of extinct animals can be found here. • Mammoth

28. What is permafrost? A layer of permanently frozen subsoil What happens to tundra during the summer? It thaws to a depth of a few centimeters and becomes soggy and wet Why are tundra plants small and stunted? The constant thawing and freezing crushes their roots and high winds limit plant height

29. Number the sequence of conditions you would find as you moved from the base to the summit of a mountain • Stunted vegetation like that in tundra 4 b. Grassland 1 c. Forest of Spruce and other conifers 3 d. Open woodlands of pine 2