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CS320 Web and Internet Programming Web Applications and MVC

Learn about web application development using MVC architecture. Explore web.xml, ANT, and MVC frameworks like Struts and Spring.

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CS320 Web and Internet Programming Web Applications and MVC

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  1. CS320 Web and Internet ProgrammingWeb Applications and MVC Chengyu Sun California State University, Los Angeles

  2. Overview • Web application • web.xml • More ANT tricks • MVC

  3. Java Web Application • Components • Servlets • JSPs • Classes • Static documents (HTML, images, sounds etc.) • Meta information • Everything in the same context is considered part of one application

  4. Directory Structure • webapp root • WEB-INF/ • WEB-INF/classes • WEB-INF/lib • WEB-INF/web.xml (deployment descriptor)

  5. web.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4" > <description> A Java web application example for CS320. </description> <display-name>CS320 Web App Example</display-name> </web-app>

  6. Some <web-app> Elements • <welcome-file-list> • <servlet> and <servlet-mapping> • <session-config> • <context-param>

  7. More About web.xml • Java Servlet 2.4 Specification • SRV.13.4

  8. Problems of Deployment • Reloadable context • Degrade server performance • Somewhat inconsistent behavior • Classes and JSP are automatically recognized • Changes to .tld are automatically recognized • Changes to web.xml are not automatically recognized • Problems with included pages • Non-reloadable context • Manual deployment using the manager interface is tedious

  9. ANT to the Rescue • Both developed originally by James Duncan Davidson • A number of ANT tasks designed specifically for web development with Tomcat • Usage • Include catalina-ant.jar in $CATALINE_HOME/server/lib • <taskdef> in build.xml

  10. Create a WAR File • WAR – JAR file for web applications • <war> • destfile • webxml • <classes> • <lib> • <webinf> • <metainf>

  11. Tomcat Manager Tasks • <deploy> • <undeploy> • <start> • <stop> • <reload> • and a few others • work both locally and remotely

  12. Model 1 Architecture • JSPs + beans • JSPs for presentation • beans for business logic JSP 3 JSP 1 JSP 4 JSP 2

  13. Model 2 Architecture • Also know as Model-View-Controler (MVC) architecture • JSPs + beans + servlet • Beans for business logic – Model • JSPs for presentations – View • servlet for web logic – Controller • HTTP related processing, e.g. request, response, sessions etc. • Request dispatching

  14. MVC Control Flow ... model 2 3 controller 1 4 browser view 5 Client Server

  15. ... MVC Control Flow • Process request • Populate beans • Store results in request, session, or servlet context • Forward request to JSP page • Extract bean data from beans and display

  16. MVC Example • Model • User.java, Item.java • View • Login.jsp, Admin.jsp, User.jsp • Controller • LoginController.java, LogoutController.java • AdminController.java, UserController.java

  17. MVC Example – User.html Item UserController browser User.jsp Client Server

  18. MVC Frameworks • Struts • http://struts.apache.org • Backed by SUN and Apache Foundation • Mature framework • Widely used and well supported • Spring • http://www.springframework.org • New buzz in J2EE community • More flexible • Less dependency on the framework

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