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The American Experiment in Regressive Social Policy and Higher Education Opportunity Michigan TRIO Conference Kellogg Center, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan April 16, 2012 Tom Mortenson Senior Scholar, The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education

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Intro

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  1. The American Experiment in Regressive Social Policy and Higher Education Opportunity Michigan TRIO Conference Kellogg Center, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan April 16, 2012 Tom Mortenson Senior Scholar, The Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education Higher Education Policy Analyst, Postsecondary Education OPPORTUNITY Intro

  2. How We Compare to OECD Countries: Bachelor’s Degrees Attainment Among 25 to 34 Year Olds • 2003 • 2009 • Change between 2003 and 2009 • 2020 • 2026

  3. Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 yr olds OECD 2003

  4. Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 OECD 2009

  5. Change in Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 OECD 2000-2009

  6. Projected Tertiary Type-A Degree attain OECD 2020

  7. Projected Tertiary Type-A Degree Attain 25-34 OECD 2026

  8. Pipeline for Students by Family Income • High school graduation • College continuation • College participation • Estimate bachelor’s degree completion • Estimated bachelor’s degree attainment

  9. Estimated Baccalaureate Degree Attain by Age 24

  10. Change in Estimated Bachelor’s Degree Attain rate by Age 24 Family Income Quartile

  11. Grad, Continuation, Completion, Attain rates

  12. Upper Family Inc Limits for 1st, 2nd, 3rd Family Income Quartiles

  13. HS Grad Rates by Family Income Quartiles 18 to 24 yr olds

  14. Change in HS Grad Rate by Income Quartile

  15. College Continuation Rates by Family Income Quartiles

  16. Change in College Continuation Rate by Income Quartile

  17. College Participation Rates by Family Income Quartiles Dependent 18 to 24 yr olds

  18. Change in College Participation Rate by Income Quartile

  19. Estimated Bach Degree Completion age 24, FamilyInc Quartile, dependent

  20. Change in Estimated Completion rate by Income quartile

  21. Distribution of Bach Degrees Awarded by Age 24 by Family Income Quartiles

  22. Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Year Old Enrollment

  23. Distribution of Dependent 18 to 24 Year Old Enrollment by Institutional Level & Family Inc

  24. Change in Distribution Dependent 18 to 24 Enrollment by Institutional Level & Family Inc

  25. Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Bottom Family Inc Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions

  26. Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Second Family Inc Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions

  27. Share Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Third Family Inc Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions

  28. Share of Dependent 18 to 24 Old Enrollment from Top Family Inc Quartile in 4-Yr Institutions

  29. Share of Dependents 18 to 24 Enrolled Full-Time

  30. Distribution of Dependent 18 to 24 Year Old Enrollment by Enrollment Status & Family Inc

  31. Change in Distribution of Dependent 18 to 24 Enrollment by Enrollment Status & Family Inc

  32. Financial Barriers to Higher Education • Unmet financial Need • Student work/loan burden • Net price to family • Net price to family as share of family income

  33. Policy Eras in the United States • 1862 to 1980: The Progressive Policy Era: • Morrill Land Grant Act created state universities • Teachers colleges for universal K-12 education • Community colleges • Need-based financial aid for students • GI Bill for returning World War II military veterans • Supportive services for students • 1980 to Present: The Regressive Policy Era: • Federal shift from grants to loans, abandon needs-test • State reduction in higher education investment efforts • State shift from need-based grants to merit scholarships • Universities and colleges lust for prestige and revenue

  34. Proposals: • $13,000 Pell Grant maximum award • Jointly financed by federal government, states and possibly institutions • Calculate negative Expected Family Contribution • Fund “Super Pell Grant” for students from very low income families

  35. Final Contact Information: Download this PowerPoint from: www.postsecondary.org Email to request PowerPoint from: tom@postsecondary.org

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