DO NOW

1. DO NOW • 3 minutes: paste slides into book

2. We are learning • About the skill of explaining perspectives of real people in a real historical event • About racism in south Africa and the background to the 1981 Springbok Tour I AM SUCCESSFUL IF I CAN • Explain in a historically accurate manner, the perspective (point of view, attitudes, and beliefs) of Joe Hawke on the Bastion Point protests. • Include accurate historical evidence throughout my interview. This includes, for example, reference to actual people, places and events. • Complete tasks that help me to understand the background to the Springbok Tour: 2.4 event worth 5 credits

3. The 1981 Springbok Tour

4. RECAPPING

5. FIVE phases of Maori history 1800-1860 Power and pride 1860-1900 Extension of Pakeha law 1900-1945 Separate and marginalised 1945-1970 Urbanisation and social shock 1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance

6. 1945-1970 Urbanisation and social shock 1967 Maori Affairs Amendment Act. Much of the remaining Maori land was fragmented into blocks that could not be profitably farmed and so often lay unfarmed. So the National government passed this law which forced all Maori land valued under a certain amount or owned by less than four people to be sold. Many Maori were bitterly opposed to what they saw as the government’s last land grab.

7. 1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance NgaTamatoa (Young Warriors) A University based activist group Made up of young urban Maori, mostly university graduates and well versed with modern methods of protest like marches, sit ins which were used to great effect by African American leaders in the 1960s Offices in Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington Wanted 1967 Maori Affairs Amendment Act overturned, Waitangi Day celebrations until Treaty was honoured, NZ sporting links to South Africa to be cut because South Africa had a racist government that treated blacks in South Africa as second class citizens. Appealed to the young, urban. Few Maori elders liked their bold and modern protest tactics like loud marches and picketing. The most common Pakeha response was that there was nothing wrong with the way things were and that self-determination would undermine unity in New Zealand and cause division and conflict.

9. 1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance 1975 Land March The 1967 Maori Affairs Amendment Act had led to huis around maraes in NZ outlining Maori concerns over the loss of land. They planned a hikoi from the Far North to Wellington and it became the largest ever protest action taken by Maori. 1100km were covered in 30 days by a core of fifty marchers who were joined by many more as it progressed. An estimated 30 000-40000 people partipated at some point in the march. The marchers called for the protection of remaining Maori land and the removal of laws which enabled the government to take Maori land. The march raised awareness of Maori perspectives of race relations and land in NZ.

11. 1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance 1977/1978 Bastion Point Occupation in Auckland

12. Māori Renaissance – wikipedia the revival of te reo Māori with the founding of the first kōhanga reo in 1982 and the passing of the Māori Language Act in 1987; the land-focused Māori protest movement, with the Bastion Point occupation in 1977—1978; the Springbok tour which led to international indigenous connections; the landmark Te Maori art exhibition in which Māori exhibited Māori art internationally for the first time. The culmination has arguably been the Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements starting in 1992, which have addressed the erosion of the Māori economic base.

13. Bastion Point occupation TASKS Read document and highlight on the sheet ‘actual people, places and events’ in one colour and reasons for Ngati-Whatua’s perspective in another colour. Paraphrase reasons for Ngati-Whatua’s perspective and add to T – chart Discuss marked diary entries on the abortion issue

14. Practice 2.4 – 5 credits 500-600 words ( 30 more minutes) I AM SUCCESSFUL IF I CAN Explain, in a historically accurate manner, the perspective (point of view, attitudes, and beliefs) of Joe Hawke on the Bastion Point protests. Include accurate historical evidence throughout my interview. This includes, for example, reference to actual people, places and events. PERSON ONE:   Tonight on ‘Current Affairs’, we are interviewing NgatiWhatua protest leader, Joe Hawke. Welcome to the show Joe. We’ve seen the news items on television and I’m sure our viewers have their own views but what is your view of the events at Bastion Point?

15. The 1981 Springbok Tour

16. South Africa South Africa: First white people settled there in the 1600s Before 1948: Four ‘races’ Whites: Descendants of Dutch or English Blacks made up of ten tribes Coloured or mixed race Indians Blacks could not own land outside of their reserves which made up 13% of their territory Blacks could only work in cities if they had passes on them, but could not live in them Whites and Coloureds only had access to skilled jobs Failure to carry a pass resulted in imprisonment

17. South Africa Racial separation was founded on racism and aimed to Prevent interbreeding Guarantee the best land and jobs to whites Prevent blacks from having greater say than white in elections and government

18. Apartheid in South Africa After 1948 Dutch Whites gained control of government and further entrenched the country’s racist laws. They saw the country made up of four distinct nations that must be kept separate by ‘apartheid’ laws such as these: 1949 / 1950, inter-racial marriage and sexual relations became illegal 1950 – Everyone was classified as one of four races by the government depending on their appearance Different features and therefore racial classification meant some families and relatives had to live in different areas.

19. Apartheid in South Africa 1960 – blacks lost all rights to vote except in their tribal reserves The best areas of cities were reserved for whites and others had to move out. From 1950-1980 approx. 3.5 million blacks were relocated by the government to places that were overcrowded, had no work and with poor soil. Sometimes blacks were moved from places that they had lived for generations. Beaches, restaurants, buses, bus stops, hospitals, ambulances, sports teams, schools and universities were all segregated by law Black school students received on average 10% of the funding from the government that white children received. They were taught that their culture was inferior to white culture. The main White Dutch reformed church supported apartheid

20. 1960 Sharpesville Massacre A group of blacks were protesting the need to carry their passbooks 300 police felt threatened even though the blacks were unarmed Police opened fire and killed 69, injuring 186.

21. 1976 Soweto Riot Between 3000 – 10000 black school students met in a soccer stadium to protest government plans to make all instruction in black school in the Afrikaans language. Some started throwing stones. 50 police tried tear gas and felt it was not working so opened fire. Police claimed a death toll of 23, but more reliable figures range from 176 to 600.

22. BACKGROUND TO THE TOUR • Read p. 70 and half of 71 as a class • Activity 1, page 71 of the textbook – make your list of dates half a page • Activity 2, page 71 of the textbook

23. Doco What other protesters have broken laws because they thought they were morally wrong?