Exploring a New Frontier with Heavy Ion Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

1. Exploring a New Frontier with Heavy Ion Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider • Melynda Brooks, Pat McGaughey, Mike Leitch, Gerd Kunde, Hubert van Hecke, Camelia Mironov • P-25 • Andi Klein • P-23 • Ivan Vitev, Rajan Gupta • T-Division

2. free partons Why Heavy Ion Physics? LHC and RHIC

3. Pb Pb Quark-Gluon Plasma free partons QUEST: What is the Equation-of-State of the Quark-Gluon Plasma ? One of the 11 science questions for the new century Why Heavy Ion Physics? LHC and RHIC

4. RAA Npart RHIC Reveals Surprises • Puzzles: light/heavy quark suppression, jet shapes, screening like SPS • Heavy quarks significantly modified by medium as well as light quarks! • Di-hadron correlation measurements show surprising structure in central collisions! • Vector meson measurements suggest significant new contributions to particle production may be present! *LANL involvement in all analyses • Naïve Model of Quark Gluon Plasma “gas”strongly refuted - sQGP • Medium Interactions more complicated than anticipated • Exclusive processes, differential probes, higher energies required (LHC)

5. Di-jet in p+p Pb Pb Jet in the QGP Why the LHC, CMS? powerful analogy Hotter, denser, longer-lived Quark Gluon Plasma • Radiography/Tomography in Medical Imaging: • calibrated probe, well understood interaction • 3-D density profile of the medium from the absorption profile of the probe • Jet Radiography in Heavy-Ion Collisions: • Jets are auto-generated probes and need to be calibrated • Density profile of the Quark-Gluon Plasma from jet modifications

6. Tevatron RHIC LHC 2010 1990 2000 2020 2030 LANL Recognized Leader in Community through RHIC • Ivan Vitev, JRO, then TSM recognized leader in HI theory, Rajan Gupta lattice expert • Development of PHENIX Physics Program, 1 of 2 RHIC detectors (1990-present) • Project Managers for Muon Tracker Spectrometers - 1/2 of PHENIX (1990-present) • Detector Council Members (1990-present) • Executive Council Members (most years) • Physics Working Group Conveners (3 separate members, each 2-year term) • Leaders in Muon Physics Program, Jet analyses • $3.2M support in FY08 for RHIC program • $5M Silicon Upgrade awarded to PHENIX, • LANL Management (following LDRD) • LHC Needed for next step in physics understanding • Natural progression of Heavy Ion Program from RHIC to LHC expected • Now is the time to join - data in 2010

7. Road to Joining LHC • Identified Exciting Physics Program at LHC • Expertise to develop and carry out new program available at LANL, time is right • Strong endorsement from CMS Heavy Ion to join - Bolek Wyslouch, MIT, U.S. Heavy Ion Leader • Provide significant contribution to CMS collaboration to provide motivation for adding us to the collaboration - Current LDRD ER • Provide significant contribution to DOE NP to provide motivation for long-term support of LANL group at LHC • DOE already recognizes physics expertise • Strong scientific program within CMS - should expand • DOE-Recognized detector capabilities, but CMS is “complete” - propose to explore Heavy Ion data taking issues • National Lab-type contributions to hardware desired LDRD DR

8. LDRD Deliverables Heavy Quark Predictions Expand physics analysis effort into the heavy quark sector Strong Scientific Contributions established Address issues with Heavy Ion data taking specifically. Clear NP contribution Develop theory needed to interpret LHC results - Local theoretical expertise significantly helps in strengthening scientific program W.Horowitz, M. Gyulassy, (2007) Investigate the predictions of current models at the LHC. We will develop the consistent QGP dissociation model of both heavy mesons and heavy quarkonia. We will demonstrate how CMS data can be used to distinguish between models I.Vitev (2007)

9. Design R&D Construction Running W Z Z 1 y 1 y 3 y 3 y 9 y 9 y UA1 (1977 – 1989) UA1 (1977 – 1989) You want to be there from the first minute! RHIC in 2000: first collisions June 12 • 1st paper July 19, dNch/dh, excluding 90% of predictions • 2nd: Aug 24, 22k MB events, flow surprise ( v2) • ~ 3 weeks run, very low L, > 10 PRL’s within < 1 year

10. Why LANL? LANL capabilities relevant to CMS / LHC program: • Muon detection and reconstruction (FNAL, RHIC experiments) • Silicon vertex detectors (FNAL, LEP, RHIC), for superLHC upgrades in 2013 • Large scale computing for event simulation and reconstruction • Theory – T-8 and T-16 expertise in NP • Long history of DOE funded research in high energy nuclear physics LHC is future of High Energy Nuclear Physics programs – • Timely opportunity to establish a new program at LHC, p+p collisions beginning next year • Seed money needed to ensure long-term DOE funding for NP program

11. LDRD History LDRD-Supported Efforts Heavy Quarks as a New Probe of the Quark Gluon Plasma (iFVTX) - $1700k/year 2006-2008 (following LDRD ER 2003-2005) Heavy Ion Physics at the LHC using CMS - 2006-2008 $250k/year The First Precise Determination of Quark Energy Loss in Nuclei(FNAL E906) 2008-2010$250k/year Discovery Physics at the Large Hadron Collider - proposed FY09-FY11$1300k/year received $500k/year