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Heating & Cooling Curves. Heat vs. Temperature graphs. Temperature. The differences between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the particle model: - All substances are made up of particles (atoms, ions or molecules)
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Heating & Cooling Curves • Heat vs. Temperature graphs
Temperature • The differences between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the particle model: - • All substances are made up of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) • These particles are attracted to each other, some strongly and others weakly • These particles move around (i.e. have kinetic energy) • The kinetic energy of particles increases with temperature
What is the heating curve? • The heating curve is a graph which represents how a sample changes phases. As heat is added over time, the sample changes temperature and phase accordingly. Thus heating curve.
Why is the curve flat at some portions? • Temperature is staying constant, but potential energy is decreasing • During this time the solid completely becomes liquid (or liquid becomes solid)
Why is the curve flat at some points? • This is called the heat of fusion (Hf) in segment BC and heat of vaporization (Hv) in segment DE. • Remember fusion is melting and vaporization is evaporation
What is heat of fusion? What is heat of vaporization? • Hfis the amount of energy needed to completely make a solid into a liquid • Hv is the amount of energy needed to completely make a liquid into a gas
Heating Curves • Water heating curve
Cooling Curves • Stearic cooling curves • Cooling curves have horizontal flat parts where the statechanges from gas to liquid, or from liquid to solid • Stearic acid has a melting point of about 69°C - the temperature stays the same as the liquid freezes
Temperature Change • What happens to the temperature of stearic acid as it freezes? • Your task is to measure the temperatures of the stearic acid as it cools every 30 seconds (as well as noting the state of the stearic acid (solid, liquid, gas)): -
Temperature Change • What happens to the temperature of a block of ice when a medium constant heat is applied to it? • Your task is to measure the temperatures of the ice as it is heated every 30 seconds (as well as noting the state of the water (solid, liquid, gas)): -