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Visual impairment in urban primary school children from low income families

Visual impairment in urban primary school children from low income families. Sambuddha Ghosh, Udayaditya Mukhopadhyay, Dipankar Maji RIO, Kolkata FP 595. Purpose :.

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Visual impairment in urban primary school children from low income families

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  1. Visual impairment in urban primary school children from low income families Sambuddha Ghosh, Udayaditya Mukhopadhyay, Dipankar Maji RIO, Kolkata FP 595

  2. Purpose: • To evaluate pattern of visual impairment in school children from low income families in Kolkata, India.

  3. Method: • A team of an ophthalmologist and two ophthalmic technicians examined all the available children of 10 primary schools under school eye screening (SES) program. The schools were situated in 10 different wards in Kolkata and run by Kolkata Municipal Corporation. Data from only children of low income families (certified by appropriate authority) were analysed • History, Anterior segment examination with torch light, direct ophthalmoscopy, visual acuity (uncorrected /presenting )assessment with Snellen chart, cycloplegic refraction followed by subjective refraction was done

  4. Method (cont): • Myopia : if one or both eyes were myopic • Hypermetropia: if one or both eyes were hypermetropic, so long as neither eye was myopic • Emmetropia if neither eye was myopic or hypermetropic. • Bilateral amblyopia : Best corrected visual acuity of less than 6/18 in both eyes • Unilateral amblyopia : When difference in best corrected visual acuity between two eyes was of two Snellen’s lines or more. • Low vision (VA < 6/18 but > 3/60)

  5. Children examined =2973 Of them 2570 children were from low income families n=2570 54.2% Female 45.8% Male 81.64% Hindu 18.36% Muslim Age Range 6-14 yrs Median age 11 yrs 85.3% Emmetropic Refractive error in 377(14.7%) Result

  6. Result • Refractive error n=377 • Of them, 181(48%) male and 196(52%) female (p= 0.359). • Amblyopia (n=18)11 bilateral & 7 unilateral

  7. Result • Out of 377 who had refractive error, in 372 children the error was amenable to correction by correcting spectacle. Only 4 (1.1%) of them were already wearing correction.

  8. Result • 370 eyes had simple myopia • 104 eyes had simple hypermetropia (62 in male and 42 in female). • 208 eyes had simple myopic astigmatism (128 in female and 80 in male). • 26 eyes had simple hypermetropic astigmatism (12 in female and 14 in male). • 10 eyes had compound myopia and no eye had compound hypermtropia. • Out of 370 eyes with simple myopia, 320 needed corrections less than 2Dsp, 49 between 2-4 Dsp and only one eye needed more than 4 Dsp correction.

  9. Result • Visual acuity of less than 6/12 was observed in 247(4.8%) eyes, sgnificantly (p=0.0027) more in girls(131eyes) compared to boys (116 eyes). • Visual acuity of less than 6/18 was significantly (p= 0.043) more in Muslim [29(3.1%)] compared to Hindu [84(2.0%)]

  10. Result • Before correction 108 out of 5140 (2.1%, 95% CI 2.5 to 1.7%) eyes had low vision and 5 out of 5140 (0.1%, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.01%) were blind eyes(VA <or equal to 3/60).After best correction was made, only 3 eyes had low vision and 2 eyes remained blind.

  11. In our study population 14.7% children had refractive error- less than reported prevalence of 25.7% (children from all income groups) from Hyderabad. (Uzma N et al. Can J Ophthalmol 2009). • However only 4(1.1%) children were wearing correction before this SES program- much lower than reported glass use(2.7%) (children from all income groups)in New Delhi (Murthy GV et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002 )

  12. Conclusion: • Prevalence of refractive error in this low income group of children in Kolkata is less than that of urban school children from all income groups in other parts of India, as reported in literature • However it mostly remains uncorrected. • SES program could significantly reduce visual impairment in this group of children

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