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Chapter 17

Chapter 17 . The French Revolution . From Revolution to Republic . Part I. The First Estate . Clergy Divided between wealthy Influential clerics and poor parish priests. The Second Estate . Nobles Exempted themselves from taxation Refused to modernize the economic structure.

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 The French Revolution

  2. From Revolution to Republic Part I

  3. The First Estate • Clergy • Divided between wealthy • Influential clerics and poor parish priests

  4. The Second Estate • Nobles • Exempted themselves from taxation • Refused to modernize the economic structure

  5. The Third Estate • 97% of the population • Could not claim nobility • Exempted themselves from taxes (bourgeoisie) • Poor/urban workers and rural peasants

  6. Estates General • Came together to organize the three estates (by the nobility) • The first and third estate rejected the nobility

  7. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • All men are equal/have rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance • Opened the persecution of the Church • Could practice any religion

  8. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy • Church property/wealth seized to help balance budget • Clergy could not leave their parishes for more than two weeks • Outlawed the publication of papal documents

  9. Bl. Fr. William Chaminade • Bordeaux, France • Defied Civil Constitution of the Clergy • Underground • Formed Society of Mary (Marianist)

  10. Bl. Fr. William Chaminade • Christians needed to bring the story of Jesus/Good News to life through their daily activities • Example to follow: Mary • …do whatever He tells you.

  11. Venerable Sr. Adele • Daughters of Mary Immaculate • Created female lay communities/ convent • United with Fr. Chaminade in face of persecution

  12. Marie Thèrése • Gathered parishioners for prayer, religious instruction, spiritual guidance, secret Masses • Spent time counseling Prostitutes after the Revolution

  13. The Death of Louis XIV and the Age of the Revolutionary Republic Part II

  14. The “De-Christianization” of France • The Reign of Terror • Missionary Reps: • Closed down Churches /basilicas • Killed priests who tried to flee • Seized the Cathedral of Notre Dame/dedicated it to the “Goddess of Reason”

  15. Deistic Religion • Mass replaced with civil ceremonies. • Pagan Cults centered upon justice, liberty, and equality • Saint’s days were replaced with festivals dedicated to justice, etc.

  16. The Directory • Extremely hard on the Church • Oppressed priests who would not take an Oath to the Republic • Refused to replace bishops • Reigned under Napoleon

  17. Pope Pius VII • Goal: To revive the Christian Faith • Sympathized with the movement for liberty/equality/justice • Saw that the French were using unjust means to gain rights • Christ is the fulfillment of these rights

  18. Napoleon Bonaparte Part III

  19. Concordat of 1801 • Guaranteed the free and public practice of Catholicism • Civil authorities could only interject in matters of public safety • Bishops reduced • Napoleon could nominate bishops • France agreed to compensate the Church for loss of property

  20. The Organic Articles • Prohibited the publication of papal documents/council decrees without consent from the government • Gallican Catechism • Limited the administrative powers of the bishops

  21. Emperor Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • “Napoleonic Code” • Religious denominations equal • Freedom of religious practices • Civil marriage and divorce • Church heavily restricted

  22. Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • Pope Pius: • Asked to annul Napoleon’s brother’s marriage • Refused to join Continental System

  23. Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • Napoleon: • Threatened to abolish priestly celibacy • Suppressed religious orders • Established a French Patriarch • Ordered troops to Rome

  24. Napoleon vs. Pope Pius VII • Napoleon: • Seized papal states • Assumed jurisdiction over the pope • Issued a salary to the pope • Restricted papal power • Arrested/excommunicated the pope

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