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Childhood Psychopathology

Childhood Psychopathology. Nature and etiology of childhood disorders Sources of learning problems and mental retardation Teratogens 1. Smoking 2. LSD 3. Ethanol (alcohol). Childhood Psychopathology. 4. Caffeine - no convincing evidence 5. Drugs 6. Thalidomide

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Childhood Psychopathology

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  1. Childhood Psychopathology • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders • Sources of learning problems and mental retardation • Teratogens • 1. Smoking • 2. LSD • 3. Ethanol (alcohol)

  2. Childhood Psychopathology • 4. Caffeine - no convincing evidence • 5. Drugs • 6. Thalidomide • 7. Diethylstibestrol (DES)

  3. Childhood Psychopathology • 8. Aspirin – possibly • 9. Heavy metals • Lead, Mercury • 10. AIDS/HIV

  4. Smoking • Smoking • 1. CO increase • Nicotine yields vasoconstriction • Tar (particular matter of smoke) • Cyanide • Lead • Global toxic elements

  5. LSD Use • Jacobsen and Berlin (1972) • 140 women used LSD prior/during pregnancy • 148 pregnancies yields 83 live births • Many gross abnormalities • LSD use in first trimester yields 43% miscarriage • Of 83 live births, 8 had defects • Abortions 65 (12 spontaneous, 53 therapeutic)

  6. Ethanol • Small amount used early in pregnancy can yield problems in development • Drinking more than two drinks per day, more than one day per week • Drinking five or more drinks per setting • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome first recognized in France in the 1950’s • Later recognized in the United States

  7. Ethanol • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • 80% of normal size • Decreased intellectual functioning • Behavioral problems • Hippocampal region impact noted on animal studies • Distinctive appearance

  8. Ethanol • Distinctive appearance • Narrow eye openings • Flattened grove between upper lip and nose • Up turned nose • Thin upper lip, lack of “cupid’s bow”

  9. Ethanol • Twelve year follow-up of FAS • 11 children • 2 dead • 4 Borderline IQ • 4 Severe IQ problems

  10. Ethanol • Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE) • Milder but still demonstrable syndrome • Alcohol Related Neurological Disease (ARND) • Ethanol appears to affect the development of the corpus callosum

  11. Other Agents • Chemical agents - gasoline fumes • Heavy metals • Definitely Van Halen • Cadmium • Lead • Sources include air, smoke, paint • Heat - Hot tubs?

  12. Childhood Psychopathology • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders • Teratogens - More detailed description • Radiation • Diet

  13. Childhood Psychopathology • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders • Teratogens - Other sources • Toxoplasmosis (parasitic source) • Spermicidal Foams • Birth defects 2.2 times expected rate • Miscarriage 1.5 times expected rate

  14. Childhood Psychopathology • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders • Teratogens - Other sources • Viral agents • Rubella (German Measles) • Cytomegaloviri • Herpes • Slow viral agents

  15. Childhood Psychopathology • Nature and etiology of childhood disorders • Teratogens - Other sources • HIV exposure for mother • Yields HIV+ for child • Doesn’t always yield AIDS?

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