Pilot study on workers’ well-being -An application of the capability approach-

1. Pilot study on workers’ well-being-An application of the capability approach- Giulia Bizzotto Vilfredo Pareto School of Economics New Directions in Welfare A conference for economists and policy makers St Catherine’s College, Oxford University, 29 June - 1 July 2009

2. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Main topics. • Evaluation of employment characteristics in terms of individual well-being • Discussion of well-being conception • Measurement of well-being Pilot study on workers' well-being

3. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Well-being Capability approach A list of capabilities Sen, A.K., (1992), “Inequality re-examined”, Clarendon Press, Oxford. freedom of choice → capability approach Well-being conception. Rawls, J., (2001), “Justice as fairness”, Harvard University Press. primary goods → participation in society Roemer, J.E., (1998) “Equality of opportunity”, Harvard University Press. circumstances and effort → “…leveling the playing field…” Nussbaum, M.C., (1999), “Sex and social justice”, Oxford University Press. individual’s centrality and universalism Pilot study on workers' well-being

4. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Well-being Capability approach A list of capabilities Capability approach. Sen, A.K., (1992), “Inequality re-examined”, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Functionings→ Individual beings and doings Capabilities→ Freedom to be or to do Pilot study on workers' well-being

5. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Well-being Capability approach A list of capabilities A list of capabilities for workers. Robeyns, I., (2003) “Sen's capability approach and gender inequality: Selecting relevant capabilities”, Feminist Economics, 9:2, 61 – 92. • Bodily health, integrity and safety • Mental well-being • Shelter and environment • Social relations • Family care • Political empowerment • Education and knowledge • Paid work • Time autonomy, leisure and personal projects • Control over resources • Being respected • Self-integration Pilot study on workers' well-being

6. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Mimic model Data Variables Capabilities y*1 , … , y*m Exogenous causes of capabilities x1 , … , xq ζ Functionings y1 , … , yp ε Γ Λ Measurementmodel Structural model A Mimic model of Workers well-being. Di Tommaso, M.L., et al. (2009), “As bad as it gets: Well-being deprivation of sexually exploited trafficked women.” European Journal of Political Economy, 2009, 25, 143 - 162 Premises: • Capabilities (y*) are latent and unobservable; • Capabilities are influenced by external causes (x); • Functionings (y) are observable and they are linked to capabilities. Pilot study on workers' well-being

7. Data: Workers of working age. Source: British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) Available waves :16 (17) – from 1991 to 2007 (2008) Wave selected: 14th – year 2004/05 Sample of 9.272 workers of working age out of an original population of 15.791 observations Women: 16-59 years old Men : 16-64 years old Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Mimic model Data Variables Pilot study on workers' well-being

8. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Mimic model Data Variables Variables. Pilot study on workers' well-being

9. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Factor loadings Coefficients Estimates: λ.Factor loadings of capabilities’ indicators. b Base of Factor Analysis. *** Significant at least at 1% level. Pilot study on workers' well-being

10. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Factor loadings Coefficients Estimates: γ.Coefficients of external causes. *** Significant at least at 1% level. ** Significant at least at 5% level. * Significant at least at 10% level. Pilot study on workers' well-being

11. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references x x x x x x PHY ε ζ PSY KNOW … ε JOB ζ FAMILY ζ ζ w ε w ε Future research’s directions: SEM. • Krishnakumar, J., and Ballon, P., (2008), “Estimating basic capabilities: a structural equation model applied to Bolivia”, World Development Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 992–1010, 2008. y ζ y ζ Pilot study on workers' well-being

12. Main topics Theoretical framework Empirical model Results Future research’s directions Some references Some references. Alkire, S., and Black, R., (1997), “A practical reasoning theory of development ethics: Furthering the capabilities approach”, Journal of International Development, 9:2, 263 – 279. Di Tommaso, M.L., et al. (2009), “As bad as it gets: Well-being deprivation of sexually exploited trafficked women.” European Journal of Political Economy, 2009, 25, 143 - 162. Di Tommaso, M.L., (2007), “Measuring the well being of children using a capability approach. An application to Indian data.” Journal of Socio Economics, 2007, vol 36, pp 436-450. Krishnakumar, J., and Ballon, P., (2008), “Estimating basic capabilities: a structural equation model applied to Bolivia”, World Development Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 992–1010, 2008. Nussbaum, M.C., (1999), “Sex and social justice”, Oxford University Press. Nussbaum, M.C., (2003), “Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and social justice”, Feminist Economics, 9 (2 – 3), 33 – 59. Nussbaum, M.C., and Sen, A.K., (1993), “The quality of life”, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Rawls, J., (2001), “Justice as fairness”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Robeyns, I., (2003) “Sen's capability approach and gender inequality: Selecting relevant capabilities”, Feminist Economics, 9:2, 61 – 92. Roemer, J.E., (1998) “Equality of opportunity”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., London England. Sen, A.K., (1985), “Commodities and capabilities”, North Holland, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford. Sen, A.K., (1992), “Inequality re-examined”, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Sen, A.K., (1997), “On economic inequality” - enlarged ed. with a substantial annex of Foster, J., and Sen, A.K., “On economic inequality after a quarter century”, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Sen, A.K, and Williams, B., (1990), “Utilitarianism and beyond” Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge. Pilot study on workers' well-being