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NUTRITION AND CARE AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

NUTRITION AND CARE AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL. SESSION 21. Infant Feeding. Under 6 months Exclusive Breastfeeding For 6 months Initiation within 1 st hour after birth Breastfeeding on demand Development of skills of breastfeeding expression

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NUTRITION AND CARE AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

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  1. NUTRITION AND CARE AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL SESSION 21

  2. Infant Feeding Under 6 months Exclusive Breastfeeding • For 6 months • Initiation within 1st hour after birth • Breastfeeding on demand • Development of skills of breastfeeding expression • Protection from commercial pressures of artificial milk • Breast milk substitutes • Dangers of breast milk substitutes

  3. Infant feeding continued • Complementary feeding and sustained breastfeeding • Timely introduction of complementary foods • Breast feed into the second year • Adequate complimentary foods (energy and nutrient dense, quantity) • Frequent feeding

  4. HIV and Infant Feeding • All mothers supported to B/F unless tested +ve • Replacement feeding • Guidance and support to feed child

  5. Complementary feeding • Adaptation of psychomotor abilities for feeding • Feeding responsively • Adequate feeding situation • Adaptation to family diet • Ensuring adequate intrahousehold food distribution • Appropriate response to poor appetite in young children

  6. Infant Feeding continued • Children aged 6-24 months • Cont. B/F for 2 years • Complementary feeding • 6 months require energy dense foods + B/M • 30% of energy from oils/fats • Vitamin A supplements • Means & skills in food preparation, specific food commodities & utensils, fuel and water • Low birth weight babies iron supplements

  7. Disabled people • Nutritional risks: • Difficulties in chewing and swallowing • Reducing food intake and choking • Inappropriate position/posture when feeding • Reduced mobility affecting food access and access to sunlight (affecting vitamin D status) • Discrimination affecting food access • Constipation particularly those with cerebral palsy • Separated from immediate family members and care givers • Determine and reduce risks by ensuring physical access to food • Developing mechanisms for feeding (spoons, straws, developing systems for home visiting or outreach • Access to energy dense foods

  8. Community-based care • Caregivers and those they care for may have specific nutritional needs due to • Less time to prepare food • Have greater need to maintain hygiene & sanitation • Fewer assets to exchange for food due to costs of treatment/funerals, social stigma, reduced community support mechanisms • Reduced availability of caregivers due to disaster (family break ups/death) aged & children become main care givers • Caregivers should be supported & not undermined • Hygiene, health & psycosocial support & protection • Social networks

  9. Psychosocial care • Emotional and • Attention, affection and involvement • Frequent positive interactions (touching, holding, talking • Maintenance of valuable traditional practices • Physical stimulation • Responsiveness to deve. Milestones & cues • Adapting behaviour to low activity levels and slow development of a child • Encouragement of autonomy exploration & learning • Encour of playing, exploration, talking • Adoption of a teaching or guiding role • Prevention & protection from child abuse and violence

  10. Pregnant and Lactating Mothers • Risks associated pregnancy complications, maternal mortality, low birth weight, impaired breastfeeding performance • Planning rations to take additional needs of pregnancy & lactation • Supplementary feeding • Low body weight mothers focus on adolescent nutrition • Daily supplements or iron and folic acid • Diversified diet • Post-partum mothers-vitamin A within 6 weeks after delivery

  11. Nutrition Care of the Elderly • Very affected by disasters • Nutritional risks • Access to food • Increase nutrient requirements due disease & disability, psychosocial stress, cold and poverty • Normal networks support disrupted • Nutritional and care needs • Specifically held access food, relief food • Foods be easy to prepare and consume • Additional protein & micronutrient requirements of older people • Important caregivers to household members, require specific support in fulfilling this function

  12. Nutrition Care for PLWHA • Face greater risks due; • Reduced food intake due to • Loss of appetite • Difficulties in eating • Poor absorption of nutrients due to diarrhoea • Parasites or damage to intestinal cells • Changes in metabolism • Incr. Energy requirements according to of infection • Micronutrients imp. To preserve immune function & promote survival • Well nourished & healthy to delay onset of AIDs • Milled food • Fortified food • Blended foods

  13. Nutritional Counselling • Help people make good nutrition decisions for a life time

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