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课标人教实验版高一 Module 4 Unit 5

课标人教实验版高一 Module 4 Unit 5. 英语构词法 – 前缀( 1 ). 掌握一些英语构词法,对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助,下面笔者列举一些常用的词缀和词根。 常见的前缀. 派生法 Derivation. 派 生 法. 否定前缀. 前缀. 其他前缀. 名词后缀. 后缀. 形容词后缀. 副词后缀. 动词后缀. 1. 表示否定意义的前缀. 1)     纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry (不对称) anhydrous (无水的) dis- dishonest, dislike

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课标人教实验版高一 Module 4 Unit 5

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  1. 课标人教实验版高一 Module 4 Unit 5

  2. 英语构词法–前缀(1) • 掌握一些英语构词法,对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助,下面笔者列举一些常用的词缀和词根。 常见的前缀

  3. 派生法 Derivation 派 生 法 否定前缀 前缀 其他前缀 名词后缀 后缀 形容词后缀 副词后缀 动词后缀

  4. 1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)     纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的) dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, neither, never non-, noesense neg-, neglect un- unable, unemployment

  5. 2)  表示错误的意义 • male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) • mis-, mistake, mislead • pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience

  6. 3)     表示反动作的意思 • de-, defend, demodulation(解调) • dis-, disarm, disconnect • un-, unload, uncover

  7. 4)    表示相反,相互对立意思 • anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) • contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) • counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance • ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy • with-, withdraw, withstand

  8. 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 1)     a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……” aboard, aside, 2)     by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路) 3)     circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转” ,circumstance, circuit

  9. 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 4)  de-,表示“在下,向下” descend, degrade 5)   en-,表示“在内,进入” encage, enbed(上床) 6)   ex-, ec-, es-,表示“外部,外” exit, eclipse, expand, export

  10. 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 • 7)     extra-, 表示“额外” extraction (提取) • 8)     fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground • 9)     in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于” inland, invade, inside, import

  11. 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 10) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互” international, interaction, internet 11) intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧” introduce, introduce 12) medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间” Mediterranean, midposition

  12. 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 13) out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外” outline, outside, outward 14) over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上” overlook, overhead, overboard 15) post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次” postscript(附言),

  13. 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 16) pre-, 表示"在前”在前面” prefix, preface, preposition 17) pro-, 表示“在前,向前” progress, proceed, 18) sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下” subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement

  14. 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 19) super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上” superficial, surface, superstructure 20) trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边” translate, transform, transoceanic、 21) under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”underline, underground, underwater 22) up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)

  15. Compound 合成法 把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新 词, 这种构词的方法叫做合成法 合 成 法 概念 1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 方法 方式 1. 复合形容词的构成 2. 复合名词的构成。 3. 其他复合词的构成。

  16. Compound 1. 合成名词 (1) n+n air conditioner空调 blood pressure 血压 income tax 所得税 credit card 信用卡 (2) adj + n central bank 中央银行 fast food 快餐

  17. solar system 太阳系 remote control 遥控 (3) v-ing +另一词 washing machine 洗衣机 driving license 驾驶执照 (4) 其他方式 by-product 副产品 editor-in-chief 主编

  18. 2.合成形容词 (1) 过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。 absent-minded 心不在焉的 grey-haired 头发灰白的 (2) 动词的ing 或另一词构成 long-suffering 长期受苦的 far-reaching 深远的(影响)

  19. 3. 合成动词及合成副词 water-ski 滑冰 overeat 吃得太多 baby-sit 看孩子 empty-handed 一无所获的

  20. 转化法Conversion 英语中有些单词,词形不变, 词性 却可以由一种转化成另一种。 一个单词由某一种词类转用为另 一种词类, 这就是转化。 单词转换后的意义往往与未转换 前的意义有密切的联系。 转 化 法 概念 1. 名词和动词之间的转化 2. 形容词转化为动词 3. 名词转化为形容词(副词) 4. 形容词转化为名词 方式

  21. Conversion: (1) v—n: (2) n—v : (3) adj—v: (4) adv—v: change the part of speech of a word. charge (v)—charge (n) hand (n)—hand (v) clean (adj)—clean (v) down (adv)—down (v) Exercises 2&3 (P36) Exercises1&2 (P71) Task 3:

  22. Practice 1. Make compound words after the models. A: part, long, passer, film, short, well, cold, baby, get, low, world B: by, known, time, maker, wave, famous, sitter, term, together, lying, blooded Model: part + time = part-time

  23. 2. Fill in the blanks with the words above. 1) It’s a good idea to start a _________ job to make extra money. 2) It’s necessary to use a __________ radio to pick up the program. 3) Walt Disney, the great __________, was born in Chicago in 1901. part-time short-wave film-maker

  24. 4) The Dead Sea is very _________, at around 395 meters below sea level. 5) We’re having a little ___________ to celebrate his birthday. 6) They often perform in the streets for the _________. 7) I’m sure you will be __________ soon. low-lying get-together passers-by well-known

  25. 3. Make compound words after the models. Model:bed + clothes = bedclothes A: book, boy, sea, fire, over, under, friend, sun, how, court, day, wide B: mark, side, burnt, friend, light, yard, fighter, fighter, ground, coat, ship, spread

  26. 4. Fill in the blanks with the words above. 1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the __________ could control it. 2) At school she formed a close _________ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _______. 4) He put on a hat and ________ before he went out. firefighters friendship seaside overcoat

  27. 5. Lucy enjoys travelling by ____________. That’s how she goes to work every day. 6. The children are playing happily in the _________. underground courtyard

  28. 练习 • 移动,搬动,活动,运动 • Don't make a __________ or I'll shoot. • 2. Keep still, don't __________. • 3. The train was already __________. • 4. He lay there without __________. • 5. The army's __________ were kept secret. move move moving movement movements

  29. 自然,本性,天性;自然的,天生来的,天然的自然,本性,天性;自然的,天生来的,天然的 1. Man is engaged in a constant struggle with __________. 2. Tigers are cruel by __________. 3. Her hair curls __________. 4. She had a __________ gift for teaching. 5. She finds great interest in ________ science. nature nature naturally natural natural

  30. 开,开着的, 开放的, 口,缝隙, 开始 1. There was an __________ in the wall. 2. The book's __________ is dull, but the last chapters are interesting. 3. When do the shops __________? 4. The castle is __________ to visitors in summer. 5. It's good to have exercise in the _________ air. 6. They carried on their affair quite _________ without shame. opening opening open open open openly

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