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Low Power Systems Using Transmeta Crusoe Processors

Low Power Systems Using Transmeta Crusoe Processors. Bill Gervasi Technology Analyst, Transmeta Chairman, JEDEC Memory Parametrics bilge@transmeta.com. Crusoe Ô 5800 System Architecture. TM5800 CPU. PC133 SDRAM Controller. DDR333 SDRAM Controller. On-Chip Cache. SDR SDRAM PORT.

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Low Power Systems Using Transmeta Crusoe Processors

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  1. Low Power Systems UsingTransmeta Crusoe Processors Bill Gervasi Technology Analyst, Transmeta Chairman, JEDEC Memory Parametrics bilge@transmeta.com

  2. CrusoeÔ 5800 System Architecture TM5800 CPU PC133 SDRAM Controller DDR333 SDRAM Controller On-Chip Cache SDR SDRAMPORT DDR SDRAMPORT Path Arbiter Transmeta Crusoe was the first DDR enabled processor in the industry PCI Controller Standard system peripherals PCI Expansion Bus Crusoe is a trademark of Transmeta Corp.

  3. Advantages of Integrated Memory Control • One less bus to waste power • Low latency to memory after cache miss • No synchronization penalties • Unique source synchronous & true synchronous memory design • Memory clock domain tied to CPU clock domain • Aggressive power management coordinated with CPU power states

  4. A Brief Tutorial on Power Consumption Power = CV2f% Factors: • Capacitance (C) • Voltage (V) • Frequency (f) • Duty cycle (%) • Power states Keys tolow power design: Reduce C and V Match f to demand Minimize duty cycle Utilize power states

  5. Quiz #1 on CPU Power Question: Which Burns More Energy? • A 600 MHz CPU • A 1 GHz CPU Hint: This is a trick question.

  6. Answer to Quiz #1 • Assume the 600 MHz CPU is a downbin of the 1 GHz CPU • If the task load, such as DVD decode, requires 600 MHz of processing power • The 600 MHz CPU must be maxed out with its highest core voltage, e.g., 1.2V • The 1 GHz CPU can be throttled to 600 MHz and can have its core voltage reduced, e.g., 1V • Conclusion: The 1 GHz CPU burns less energy for a given task than the 600 MHz CPU

  7. The LongRunÔ PhilosophyUse the least energypossible to accomplishthe desired task. LongRun is a trademark of Transmeta Corp.

  8. Transmeta Crusoe with LongRun On Demand processing • Scale operational frequency onapplication demand • 33 MHz increments from 400 MHz to CPU’s max frequency • Adjust core voltage to minimum for the desired target frequency • LongRun events hundreds of times per second • Memory clock speed relative to CPU speed, e.g.: 1 GHz CPU  333 MHz DDR or 167 MHz SDR 400 MHz CPU  200 MHz DDR or 100 MHz SDR

  9. CPU Without LongRun Technology Energy required per task Users must balance choice of CPU speed against decreasing battery life Battery Life 600MHz 800MHz 1GHz

  10. CPU With LongRun Technology Users will want the highest MHz CPU • Best Performance • Lower Power • Longest battery life Battery Life Energy required per task 600MHz 800MHz 1GHz

  11. Memory TransitionFrom SDR to DDR

  12. The JEDEC Memory Roadmap JEDEC roadmap triples GB/s/W with each generation • Power reduction of 30% • Bandwidth doubles SDR  DDR I DDR II 3.3V  2.5V  1.8V

  13. Power: DDR II vs DDR I vs SDR Four times the bandwidth yet half the power! DDR533 “DDR II” DDR333 “DDR I” PC133

  14. Transmeta’s CPU RoadmapSupports the JEDECMemory Roadmap.Always has.

  15. Next Generation Crusoe 256-bit VLIW / New CMS 2-3x Performance TM6000 x86 System On a Chip 128-bit VLIW / CMS 5.x 1 GHz Less Power and Space 2000 2001 2002 Crusoe Processor Roadmap TM5500 / TM5800 128-bit VLIW / CMS 4.2 667 MHz - 1 GHz TM5400 / TM5600 128-bit VLIW / CMS 4.1 500 - 667 MHz

  16. TM6000 Single Chip PC DDR-333 64MB-2GB w/ECC TM6000 4X USB 1.1 Disk Upgrade AC97 Link IDE (Flash or Disk) SMBUS LVDS IDE/DVD/CD-RW 24-bit Digital LPC Bus PCI Bus KBC • TM6000 Single Chip PC is Ideal for Wireless Internet Devices • Smallest Footprint • Lowest Power • Highest Performance (400 MHz to 1 GHz) • Full x86 Compatibility • Optional Support for External 3D Graphics

  17. IDE Disk Controller • 2 Channel / 4 Drives • Central Processor Unit • 1 GHz • 0.9 - 1.3 volt LongRun • 128-bit VLIW Engine • 512KB L2 Cache • Universal Serial Bus (USB) • 4 Ports OHCI 1.0a AC-Link Audio/Modem • DDR333 Memory Controller • 2.7 GB/s DDR with ECC System Management bus Low Pin Count bus (LPC) PCI Bus Interface 8 General Purpose I/Os • Legacy PC Peripherals • Dual 8259 Int. Controller • Dual 8237 DMA Controller • 8254 System Timer • 146818 Real Time Clock • 16550 UART • Graphics Controller • 24 bit digital and • LVDS interfaces • Dual Scan LCD and CRT • DVD playback support Crusoe TM6000 Microprocessor -- x86 System on a Chip

  18. TM6000 System Level Power Management By integrating the TM6000, LongRun can now be applied to Graphics and Southbridge electronics as well. • DVD Play Example: • TM5800 Solution • CPU+NB = ~1.4 watts • Southbridge = ~0.7 watts • Graphics = ~1.5 watts • Total = ~3.6 watts 3.6 watts -44% ~2 watts • TM6000 Solution • Total = ~2.0 watts TM6000 Solution TM5800 Solution

  19. Summary • Aggressive power management techniques enable new mobile and low power computing markets • It’s a systems level design issue…apply to all subsystems as well

  20. Thank You

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