CHAPTER 3

1. CHAPTER 3 THE AMERICAN PATH TO INDUSTRALIZATION

2. AMERICAN INDIANS & INDUSTRIALIZATION AMERICAN INDIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO INDUSTRIALIZATION • THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT PRODUCTS

3. KAHL • GERMAN VILLAGE • PEOPLE LIVE THERE SINCE 1000 BC • NOMADIC GROUPS FOUND THIS AREA GOOD FOR SETTLING • ESTABLISHED PERMANENT VILLAGES • THEY STOP HUNTING TO FARM (IRRIGATION SYSTEM)

4. INVADED BY GROUPS SUCH AS • CHATTEN • FRANKS • ALEMANNII • BURGUNDIANS • THROUGH INTEMARRIAGES AND VIOLANCE (HISTORICALLY CONTROLLED BY MOST EUROPEANS , FROM ROMANS TO FRENCH, TO SWEDISH, TO ENGLISH, AND TO AUSTRIANS) • TODAY THE VILLAGE IS CONTROLLED BY BAVARIANS)

5. DESPITE THE LONG SUCCESSIONS, THERE WAS MINIMAL CHANGE FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS • SIMILAR LIFE STYLE FOR VILLAGERS FROM 700BC TO 1700AD • PEASANTS • GREW CROPS • PAID TAXES (SECULAR & CLERICAL) • SAME MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

6. MINIMAL INTELLECTUAL AND RELIGIOUS CHANGES • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION FINALLY BROUGHT RADICAL CHANGES TO THIS REGION IN THE EARLY 18TH CENTURY • URBANIZATION • ELECTRICITY • MACHINERY

7. WHY CHANGES OCURRED UNTIL THE 18TH CENTURY • THE GREEKS WERE OUTSTANDING IN (MATHEMATICS, PHILOSOPHY, AND ARCHITECTURE) • THE ROMANS WERE (TECHNICAL, PRACTICAL IN ENGINEER) • RENAISSANCE PEOPLE WERE OUTSTANDING IN (MECHANICS)

8. KAHL WENT FROM ECONOMIC DECLINE, TO PHYSICAL DETERIORATION, AND RECOVERED IN THE 19TH CENTURY • ITS RECOVERY WAS POSSIBLE DUE TO: • ENTREPENEURS (IMAGINATION & DISCOVERY) • MILLS (GREAT SOURCE OF ENERGY TO POWER MACHINERY IN THE FACTORIES & ELECTICITY) • NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (ATOMIC ENERGY) • NEW WORLD CROPS

9. NEW WORLD CROPS • COTTON • OLD WORLD TYPES GROWN IN INDIA AND ASIA (SMALL QUANTITIES, EXPENSIVE, WEAK AND DIFFICULT TO WEAVE, AND IN SHORT STRANDS) • NEW WORLD “AMERICA” (LONGER FULL INCH G. HIRSUTUM AND G. BARBODENSE 2 ½ INCHES)

10. AMERICAN COTTON ARRIVED IN ENGLAND THROUGH COLONIES • INDIANS USED THE FINE COTTON TO WEAVE SOME OF THE FINEST TEXTILES IN THE WORLD • AMERICA COTTON REPLACED WOOL TRADITIONAL USED BY EUROPEANS • COTTON=FIRST TEXTILE INDUSTRY (SURPASSED PRODUCTION OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBER)

11. WOOL QUANTITY OF WOOL DETERMINED BY THE NUMBER OF SHEEPS SLOW INNEFICIENT LACK OF INCENTIVES FOR PEASANTS COTTON MASSIVE INFLUX OF COTTON FROM “AMERICA” SURPLUS OF FIBER MORE LABOR (SLAVES & INDIANS) MORE ENERGY COTTON VS. WOOL

12. FIRST TEXTILE INDUSTRIES PROBLEMS • PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF CLOTHES WAS TIME CONSUMING • PICK UP COTTON BALLS FIRST • REMOVE SEEDS FROM COTTON BALLS SOLUTION • CREATION OF THE COTTON GIN

13. ELI WHITNEY • Massachusetts • Invented mechanical gin in 1793 • “cotton gin”

14. REVOLUTION IN PRODUCTION • MECHANIZATION OF GINNING • MECHANIZATION OF SPINNING • MECHANIZATION OF WEAVING

15. EFFICIENCY UNITED STATES • 3,000 BALES IN 1790 TO 4.5 MILLION IN 1860 • SOUTHERN STATES GREW COTTON MAJOR EXPORTER TO ENGLAND (MORE SLAVES NEEDED TO PRODUCE GREATER QUANTITIES) • INDIAN REMOVAL ( NATIVES SUCH AS CHOCTAW, CHICKASAW, CREEK, CHEROKEE, & SEMINOLES WERE ANNIHILATED AND/OR SCATTERED) • LOWERED PRICES

16. DYES EUROPEANS FACED INCONSISTENT SOURCE OF CHEAP DYE EUROPEANS ADAPTED THE AMERICAN INDIANS DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY FOR DYE PRODUCTION • PERUVIAN ARTISIANS • 109 DISTINCT HUES PRODUCED IN SEVEN COLOR CATEGORIES • USED DYES MADE FROM NATURAL SUBSTANCES • BEST PRODUCED DYES 1. STRENGHT 2. BRILLANCE 3. BRIGHTENESS

17. FIRST DYES FOUND (RED & PURPLE) IN “TIERRA DE BRAZILIA” • BRAZILIN (CRYSTALLINE COMPOUND FOUND IN BRAZIL WOOD TREE) • CAESALPINA-FOUND IN SOUTH AMERICA

18. NORTH AMERICA MOST IMPORTANT INDIAN DYES • INDIANS OF MEXICO • “COCHINEAL” • IT BECAME THE STAPLE OF BRITISH TEXTILE INDUSTRY • PROVIDED SCARLET DYE FOR THE BRITISH ARMY UNIFORMS “RED COATS” • THE SPANISH TOOK CONTROL OF IT. • IN THE 20TH CENTURY IT WAS REPLACED BY SYNTHETIC DYES

19. DYES USED BY MEXICAN INDIANS THE AZTECS 1. BIXA ORELLANA- (RED & PINK) USED FOR FLAVORING FOODS 2. ACHIOTE- (BRIGHT YELLOW & REDISH-YELLOW) EXCELLENT CLOTHES DYE AND ARTIFICIAL COLORS TO DAIRY PRODUCTS

20. AMERICA (INDIAN) TECHNOLOGY DYEWOODS LED TO NEW LEVELS OF QUALITY IN MAKING PURPLE, BROWN, AND BLACK DYE FOR: 1. GLASS 2. STAINING WOOD 3. PROCESSING LEATHER 4. MAKING INK 5. PRINTING (GERMAN CHEMISTS USED COAL TAR TO SYNTHESIZE NEW DYES)

21. AMERICA FORWARD INDUSTRY TWO NEW PRODUCTS (INNOVATIONS) 1. SISAL: CHORD EXTRACTED FROM AGAVE PLANT (CORDS, ROPES, ROUGH BAGS, & RUGS) 2. RUBBER: AKA “CAOUTCHOVE” BY QUECHUA INDIANS (RAIN COATS, PONCHOS, SOLED SHOES, BOTTLES, & ROPES) A. RUBBER WAS NOT AS IMPORTANT TO EUROPEANS AS MORE PROFITABLE PRODUCTS (SILVER, GOLD, TOBACCO) B. FRENCH SCIENTIS REDISCOVERED RUBBER IN 1735

22. AMERICA IN THE 16TH & 17TH CENTURIES • RESOURCES • GOLD, FURS, TOBACCO, RUBBER, DYES, SUGAR CANE, RICE, COFFE, INDIGO, POTATO AND OTHER PLANTS • INNOVATION OF MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY TO TAP NATURAL RESOURCES • DISCOVERY OF AMALGAMATION PROCESS (APPLICATION OF MERCURY TO EXTRACT SILVER) IN MEXICO • ABUNDANCE OF SILVER • INDIAN TECHNOLOGY WAS EQUAL IF NOT SUPERIOR TO EUROPEANS • PLANTATIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN AND BRAZIL

23. HARDSHIPS • SHORTAGE OF LABOR • INDIANS DIED VERY QUICKLY FROM • DISEASES • MALNUTRITION • OVERWORK, • CULTURE SHOCK AND GRIEF • INDIANS LACK KNOWLEDGE IN MINING

24. IF EUROPEANS AND AMERICANS HAD NOT COME TOGETHER THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WOULD NEVER HAD HAPPENED EUROPEANS + AMERICANS = LABOR/RESOURCES OLD WORLD + NEW WOLRLD = INDUSTRIALIZATION