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Anemia

Anemia . Anemia . Hb being below the referance range for the age and sex The normal ranges vary with age -neonate < 14g/dl -1-12mths < 10mg/dl -1-12y< 11 g/dl. Causes of anemia can be from. Reduced cell production Increased destruction Blood loss. Clinical Features:-.

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Anemia

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  1. Anemia

  2. Anemia • Hb being below the referance range for the age and sex • The normal ranges vary with age -neonate < 14g/dl -1-12mths < 10mg/dl -1-12y< 11 g/dl

  3. Causes of anemia can be from • Reduced cell production • Increased destruction • Blood loss

  4. Clinical Features:- • Insidious onset- even Hb<8g/dl, child may be comfortable; physical activity may not be decreased even <6g/dl- ADJUSTMENT • Rapid – breathlessness, dizziness, faintness, fatigue, CHF, heart murmurs-systolic • Pallor eyelids, tongue, nail bed,PICA • Psycho neurological changes- B12 and or Folic acid deficiency- Megaloblastic anemia. • pigmentation- megaloblastic anemia

  5. Investigations • FBC -what are the important parameters • Blood picture • reticulocyte count • Investigations to detect nutrient levels • Bone marrow biopsy

  6. Anemia of prematurity • Combination of all three -blood loss -reduced production -increased distruction

  7. Iron deficiency anemia • Main causes are -inadequate intake -malabsorption- celiac disease -blood loss-Hook worm infestation, chronic GI bleeding

  8. Inadequate intake • Common in infants • Daily required iron intake of an infant is of same value that of an adult(8mg/d) • Iron sources in babies -brest milk-50% of Fe absorbed -cows milk-higher iron than brest milk but only 10% absorbed -weaning food Iron deficiency may develop if delayed introduction of mixed feeding

  9. Diagnosis • Microcytichypochromic anemia • Low serum ferritin

  10. Management • Dietary advice -brest feed babies until 4 months -weaning at 4-6 months -consume animal products with more heam Iron -take pulses, beans, dark green vegetables -do not take tea soon after a meal • Iron supplementation Oral iron rises Fe 1g/dl per week. Should continue upto 3 months even after Hb normalized in order to replenish stores

  11. Parvovirus B 19 • Causes red cell aplasia after infection • In children with underlying hematological disorders • Resolves spontenously ,but may cause severe anemia

  12. IRON PREPARATIONS • Oral-ferrous sulphate,irongluconate • IV-iron dextran- not commonly used,commonly cause allergic reactions

  13. Thank you…

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