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Burley Tobacco Update Fertilization and Pesticides

Burley Tobacco Update Fertilization and Pesticides. Dr. Bob Pearce Extension Tobacco Specialist. 2007 ANR Agent Update Elizabethtown, Kentucky November, 27 2007. Outline. Nitrogen fertilizer issues Source concerns Rate recommendations Possible boron deficiency Pesticide residues

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Burley Tobacco Update Fertilization and Pesticides

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  1. Burley Tobacco Update Fertilization and Pesticides Dr. Bob Pearce Extension Tobacco Specialist 2007 ANR Agent Update Elizabethtown, Kentucky November, 27 2007

  2. Outline Nitrogen fertilizer issues Source concerns Rate recommendations Possible boron deficiency Pesticide residues Endosulfan MH Variety Update

  3. Nitrogen Fertilizer Issues • Economics • Leaf prices steady (at best) • N fertilizer prices up • Price tied to natural gas • Transportation costs up • Nitrosamine concerns • Tobacco companies want less N applied • Quality concerns • Too little: thin body, poor yield • Too much: delayed maturity, fat stems • Potential regulations on ammonium nitrate

  4. Price Per Unit of Nitrogen for Selected Fertilizer Materials

  5. Alternative N Sources • Dolomitic – Ammonium Nitrate (27% N) • Ammonium nitrate mixed with lime • 78% ammonium nitrate • Theoretically similar to ammonium nitrate • Can impregnate some chemicals ? • Relatively high cost? • Availability (Bagged) • Limited practical experience • Initial acceptance • Poor

  6. Alternative N Sources • Calcium Nitrate (15.5% N) • Sodium Nitrate (16% N) • Sodium-Potassium Nitrate (15% N) • Immediate uptake (good for sidedress) • Good for low pH soils • Erratic availability • High cost (>$1.20 /lb.) • Low analysis – high transport cost

  7. Alternative N Sources • UAN • Cost competitive • Easy to apply • Availability ?

  8. Conversion to Nitrate in soil

  9. Equivalent Acidity or Basicity of Fertilizers

  10. Nitamin Fertilizer Test-2006Fayette County – Spindeltop Farm

  11. Nitrogen Fertilizer TestFayette County – Spindeltop Farm

  12. Nitrogen Fertilizer TestFayette County – Spindeltop Farm

  13. Nitrogen Fertilizer TestFayette County – Spindeltop Farm Weighted Avg. price for crop

  14. Multi-State Burley Tobacco N test Six location/years (TN, VA, and KY)

  15. Multi-State Burley Tobacco N test Six location/years (TN, VA, and KY)

  16. Boron Deficiency ?

  17. Boron Fertility TestBernie Cave Farm 2007 Planted 6/16/07 Rated 7/26/07 ppm B in plant Check = 13.0 0.25 TW = 15.3 0.50 TW = 18.3

  18. Pesticide Concerns • Illegal pesticides • Could void contract • Indiscriminant use of labeled pesticides • Endosulfan (Golden Leaf) • Do not use at or after topping • MH • Others • Pounce • Prowl

  19. Endosulfan Residues in Cured Burley:University of Tennessee 2005 * Harvested 20 days after last application ** Harvested 5 days after application

  20. If I can’t use Endosulfan what can I use?

  21. Start right • Admire 2F • Admire Pro • 0.5 fl oz/1000 • Generics • Alias • Couraze • Nuprid • Widow • Platinum • 0.5 fl oz/1000 1 fl oz/ 1000

  22. Budworms • Threshold • 5 or more per 50 plants • 3 weeks after trans planting until 1 week before harvest

  23. Effects of Insecticide Treatment on Budworms

  24. Hornworms • Threshold • 5 or more hornworms per 50 plants • 3 weeks after trans planting until harvest • Do not count if white cocoons.

  25. Reduce or Eliminate MH?

  26. Combination Sucker Control Recommendation • Reduce MH rate and add a local systemic • 1.5 gal MH + 0.5 gal Butralin, Flupro or Prime+ • Use Coarse nozzles • TG-5 / CE-5 or equivalent at 4-4.5 mph • TG-3 / CE-3 or equivalent at 2.5-3 mph

  27. Range of MH Residues in Kentucky for 1997 - 2004 Low < 41, Medium = 41-80, High = 81-120, Very High = 120 - 200, Extremely High >200 ppm

  28. Regional Sucker Control Treatments*

  29. Comparison of Sucker Control Treatments at Two Weeks after ApplicationUK Spindletop Farm (MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%), UTC=untreated check, fb=followed by at 7 days. *=Sprayer malfunctioned

  30. The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Sucker Number per Plant UK Spindletop Farm (MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%), UTC=untreated checkfb=followed by at 7 days. *=Sprayer malfunctioned

  31. The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Sucker Weight UK Spindletop Farm (MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%), UTC=untreated check,fb=followed by at 7 days. *=Sprayer malfunctioned

  32. MH Free Trials Treatments

  33. MH Free TrialsComparison of Sucker Control TreatmentsUK Coldstream Farm (MH= Royal MH-30, F=Flupro, B=Butralin,) in (gal) O=Off-Shoot-T in (%), UTC=untreated check(-) followed by at 5 days.

  34. Effects of Nozzle Size on Sucker Control* *Treatments consisted of 4% Off-shoot T at elongated bud followed by a combination of Off-shoot T at 4 % plus Butralin at 1 gal /a.

  35. Effects of Nozzle Size on Sucker Control All Nozzles were TG full cone nozzles

  36. Getting Closer to MH free but …. • Will probably require multiple trips • Fatty alcohol prior to topping • One or two trips after topping • Fatty alcohol availability and price ??? • Still expect some escapes • Usually top one or two nodes • Some hand removal may be necessary • Relatively low sucker pressure in 2007?

  37. Variety Update • KT 206 • High black shank resistance (race 0) • Blue mold tolerance (similar to TN 90) • High Yield (3300 - 3400) • Big tobacco/large stalk • N 7371 • Moderate black shank resistance • Long narrow leaves • High yield (3200) • Dark color

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