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The Progressives’ Strategies for Social and Government Reform

Insider/Outsider: . The Progressives’ Strategies for Social and Government Reform. Who were the Progressives?. Age : Most born between 1860 and 1880 Class: Middle-class origins Hard work Self-Discipline Individual Ethic Education Race: Mostly White. Why dissatisfied?.

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The Progressives’ Strategies for Social and Government Reform

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  1. Insider/Outsider: The Progressives’ Strategies for Social and Government Reform

  2. Who were the Progressives? • Age: Most born between 1860 and 1880 • Class: Middle-class origins • Hard work • Self-Discipline • Individual Ethic • Education • Race: Mostly White

  3. Why dissatisfied? • Series of economic panics 1870-1890 • Labor unrest • Flood of immigrants • Industrialization Homestead strike, 1892

  4. What’s the solution? • “Association” • “Municipal Housekeeping” • “Social Solidarity” • Strengthen the State

  5. Outsiders: “MunicipalHousekeepers”&Muckrakers

  6. Jane Addams c. 1885 c. 1900

  7. Founding of Hull House Established 1889, Chicago

  8. Hull House Growth

  9. Expanding Reforms • Neighborhood: Play spaces, garbage collection • City: Child labor, strike mediation • State: Factory inspection, juvenile court system • Nation: Children’s Bureau, Workplace safety

  10. Julia Lathrop • 1893: Charities investigator • Pioneer in “applied sociology” • Chicago School • Immigrants’ Protective League • 1912: First head of federal Children’s Bureau • Other issues: suffrage

  11. Florence Kelley • 1893: IL chief factory inspector • 1899: Nat’l Consumers’ League; • Henry Street Settlement • 1912: Child labor/Children’s Bureau • Other issues: suffrage, NAACP

  12. Networks Emerge • Organizations: • Chicago School/U Chicago • NY School of Philanthropy • Other settlement houses in Chic/NYC • Immigrants’ Protective League • WTUL (1903) • Children’s Bureau (1912) • NAWSA /NWP • Issues: • Immigrant abuse • Women’s work hours • Child labor/welfare • Public health • Woman suffrage • Peace • Racial Equality Hull House

  13. Muckrakers • Ida Tarbell • Jacob Riis • Upton Sinclair

  14. Insiders: Theodore Roosevelt & Woodrow Wilson

  15. Presidential Power • Reclaiming political power • Trustbusting • Consumer protection • Conservation

  16. Northern Securities Co. • Railroad trust=public outrage • Federal antitrust lawsuit • Trust dissolved, 1904 "Mr. Morgan could not help regarding me as a big rival operator who either intended to ruin all his interests or could be induced to come to an agreement to ruin none.“ TRoosevelt

  17. Coal Strike of 1902 • 100,000 PA union miners • Owner refuses to negotiate • TR suspends strike • First federal intervention • in labor strike as arbitrator

  18. Food Safety • The Jungle, novel, 1906 • Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food & Drug Act 1905, Sausage stuffing

  19. Woodrow Wilson • Mixed record as Progressive • “Triple wall of Privilege”: • Tariff, Banks, Trusts • Federal Reserve Act(1913) • Federal Trade Commission • (1914) 1918

  20. Significance • Insider & Outsider efforts at every level of society • Belief in Authority of State • Broad agenda aimed at transformation of lower and upper classes

  21. Questions? Rockefeller, 1900: “What a funny little government!”

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