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Delivering Value – Agile, Lean and Kanban David Joyce

Delivering Value – Agile, Lean and Kanban David Joyce. Date: 29/05/ 09. Agile & Lean Impact. Agile Manifesto. In February 2001 the Agile Manifesto was written. Individuals and interactions - over processes and tools Working software over - comprehensive documentation

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Delivering Value – Agile, Lean and Kanban David Joyce

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  1. Delivering Value – Agile, Lean and KanbanDavid Joyce Date: 29/05/09

  2. Agile & Lean Impact

  3. Agile Manifesto In February 2001 the Agile Manifesto was written Individuals and interactions - over processes and tools Working software over - comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over - contract negotiation Responding to change over - following a plan

  4. Agile Customer collaboration and co-located teams Backlog of small pieces of the whole Regular planning and prioritisation Daily stand-ups Incremental releases Demos of work completed Retrospectives

  5. Lean Agile practitioners have begun to include thinking from Lean Manufacturing in their Agile approaches: Kanban, Flow, Pull, Value, Waste Elimination, Continuous Improvement Kanban in manufacturing is the inspiration behind what we now call Kanban for Software Engineering.

  6. Kanban Principles Agree a team capacity Limit Work in Process (WIP) to that capacity  Pull value through the Value Stream Make both work and workflow visible

  7. Capacity and Limits • We establish • Our capacity through agreement with our value chain partners, on what is a fair, and reasonable expectation for workload on our team. • A reasonable set of working policies, that our partners understand and consent to.

  8. Value Stream Identifies all the steps in order from idea to delivery. A continuous smooth flow of valuable, new features, into deployment. The value stream includes everybody from the customer to support.

  9. Value Stream Mapping How much time is spent on value addvsnon value add Quarterly Value Stream Mapping to re-assess the whole value stream.

  10. Standups Map the value stream and track work on a board Hold a standup meeting every day in front of the board

  11. Make it Visible! What is blocked? Are we overloaded? What bottlenecks do we have? What are we working on?

  12. Pull Work Not Push There is a queue of work, which goes through a number of stages until its done.  When work is completed in a stage, it goes downstream for the next stage.  When someone needs new work to do, they pull from upstream.

  13. Kanban Pull … Step 1 Step 2 Step n Done Work Items Queue (1) In Process (1) Queue (1) Queue (1) In Process (1) In Process (1) …

  14. Managing Risk With Classes of Service Classes of service are typically defined based on business impact. Delivery times and pull priorities will vary across the different classes. Classification will result in a specific set of service levels, that are unique and differentiating to a line of business.

  15. Policies • Each class of service comes with its own set of policies that affect prioritization decisions, for example: • Expedite • Fixed Delivery Date • Standard • Chargeable

  16. Classes of Service Allows anyone to make a properly risk aligned prioritisation decision, in the field, on any given day, often without any management intervention or supervision.

  17. Giving Business Value • Fixed Delivery Date • Expedited • New feature • Change request • Story

  18. Detracting From Value • Missed Requirement • In Process Defect • Live Defect • Blocker

  19. Return On Investment Many organisations are now unwilling to tolerate Payback Periods of more than a year. This is astonishing considering that 3 - 5 year ROI was the norm just a few years ago. How is it possible to release the capital necessary to do software projects?

  20. Features Software products can be deconstructed into units of value. Typically value is not perceivable as a monolithic whole, but as a series of separately deliverable features. A complex software product can deliver value even if it isn’t complete.

  21. Incremental Features Example

  22. Why use Features? • Typically a Feature creates market value in the following ways:  • Competitive differentiation • Revenue generation • Cost saving • Brand projection • Enhanced loyalty • Market share

  23. Incremental Funding Assembly of units of value creation, allows for funding to be made more granular, and more closely aligned to incremental delivery. This gives rise to the concept of incremental funding.

  24. A New Kind of Planning Rather than planning a batch of product increment, we can plan a single Feature at a time. We limit WIP in order to minimise the cycle time of Features. A commitment and deadline can then be made per Feature.

  25. Dimensional Planning The 3 well known dimensions are Time, Resources and Scope. We introduce another dimension: Depth. If applied well it will increase project throughput, and shorten the feedback loop.

  26. Dimensional Planning For the different depths we use the following levels: dirt road: This level is the minimum implementation with manual workarounds. Its recognised that it will have a limited life span. cobblestone road: This level is the bare minimal implementation, but the foundations have been laid for a longer term solution. asphalt road: This level is the full implementation.

  27. Striking a Different Bargain The quality of service promise is: When we take on a work request, based on its class of service, we intend to deliver it within x days.

  28. Rolling Wave Planning • Different planning buckets for different time horizons: • 6 week bucket: well-defined Features • 3 month bucket: loosely-defined features  • 6 month bucket: broad feature areas  • 1 year bucket: strategies, goals, market force

  29. Metrics Metrics are a tool for everybody. The team is responsible for its metrics. Metrics allow for continuous improvement.

  30. Metrics Manage quantitatively and objectively using only a few simple metrics • Quality • Work in Process • Lead / Cycle time • Waste / Efficiency • Throughput

  31. Waste Identification and Elimination Waste (cost of delay) comes in three abstract types in software engineering • Rework • Transaction Costs • Co-ordination Costs

  32. Lead Time and Cycle Time Lead time clock starts when the request is made, and ends once delivered. What the customer sees. Cycle time clock starts when work begins on the request, and ends when the item is delivered.

  33. Throughput The rate of delivery of customer valued work into production. Two major variables regulate Throughput; WIP and Cycle Time. Allows forecasting of future capability.

  34. Where Is Kanban Working Well? • IT Application Maintenance • Examples include Microsoft, Corbis, Robert Bosch, BBC Worldwide • Media Sites and Applications • Publishing houses, video, TV, radio, magazines, websites, books. • Examples include Authorhouse, BBC, BBC Worldwide, IPC Media, NBC Universal and Corbis • Games Production and Design Agencies • Where there is a lot of specialisation and a lot of hand-offs, kanban helps them manage work in progress and flush out issues quickly.

  35. Making Lean Values Actionable A Lean decision filter helps us make decisions around applying Lean practices:  Value trumps flow  Flow trumps waste elimination  Eliminate waste to improve efficiency 

  36. Making Agile Values Actionable • Are we encouraging a High Trust Culture? • Empowerment • Collaboration • Tolerant of Failure / Encourage Innovation • Are we treating WIP as a liability rather than an asset? • Reduce delivery time • Are we making progress with imperfect information? • “perfect is the enemy of good enough”

  37. In Conclusion Lean production is probably the single greatest enabler of continuous improvement. Successful implementation is likely to yield a dramatic boost in the first year, as capacity is balanced against demand, and the easily identified waste is removed.

  38. RecipeFor Success Focus on Quality Reduce Work-in-Progress, Deliver Often Balance Demand against Throughput Prioritise Reduce Variability, Improve the Process

  39. Delivering Value - Agile and KanbanDavid JoyceBlog http://leanandkanban.wordpress.comTwitter http://twitter.com/dpjoyce

  40. Additional Info

  41. Pre Agile Track Record

  42. Financial Governance

  43. Kanban In Japanese the word Kan means "signal" and "ban" means "card" or “board”. A Kanban card is a signal that triggers action. You can see Kanban everywhere. The next time you order a drink at Starbucks you can see a Kanban system in place.

  44. Cycle Time Metrics We can use this data when estimating upcoming work. An additional 10 days to release Large items once built, something to improve!

  45. Cumulative Flow This example presents detail by state across the Value Stream. Customer valued items stacking up that aren’t released!

  46. The Parking Lot A high level view of progress of each Feature.

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