Introduction To CAD/CAM

1. Introduction To CAD/CAM

2. Contents • CAD / CAM • Historical Background • Conventional Product Cycle • Integration of Design and Manufacturing through CAD/CAM • Introduction to NC/CNC • CNC Machining and Turning Centers • Basics of Tooling • CAD/CAM Softwares • Delcam • PowerShape • PowerMill

3. Computer Aided Design (CAD) • Computer-aided design (CAD) can be a defined as the way of creation, modification and optimization of a design by using computer system. • By using a CAD software, we can generate • 2D draft/drawing files • 3D wireframe models • 3D surface models • 3D solid models.

4. Computer Aided Design (CAD) The design-related tasks performed by CAD system are: • Geometric modeling. • Engineering analysis. • Design review and evaluation. • Automated drafting. • Parts classification and coding.

5. Computer Aided Design (CAD)

6. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of workpieces. • CAM is a subsequent computer-aided process after CAD and sometimes CAE. • The model generated in CAD and verified in CAE can be imported into CAM software, which then controls the machine tool.

7. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

8. Historical Background WW-II: The need for more complex, accurate and precise machining was originated for then military aerospace industry. 1950s: Development of NC machines. 1960s: Development of SKETCHPADby MIT, 1st GUI. 1970s: As digital computers were invented, 2D drafting CAD softwares were developed.

9. Historical Background 1970s: Efforts were made to develop CAM software, for quick NC program input. 1980s: As digital computers became more advance and economical, solid modeling 3D CAD softwares were developed. Late 1980s: CAD softwares became more advance, by the addition of analysis tool, e.g. Pro/ENGINEER.

10. Conventional Product Cycle

11. Integration of Design and Manufacturing through CAD/CAM

12. Cad cam methodology

13. Why CAD/CAM? Following are the advantages of CAD/CAM methodology over conventional product development cycle, • Shorter Lead Times. • Design for manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) becomes very easy. • Ease of use. • Automation of machining operations (DNC etc..). • Documentation and record. • Implementation of CIM becomes easy.

14. Basics of NC/CNC • NC stands for “Numerically Controlled” • Numerical Control is a form of programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of an equipment are controlled by alphanumeric data instructions. • The set of data instructions, which is required to produce a part is called as a part program. • The program is translated into appropriate electrical signals for input to motors that run the machine.

15. Why NC Machines were Developed To achieve • Flexibility to manufacture complex or impossible jobs at lesser cost • Improvement in the accuracy and quality of manufactured parts • Automation and repeatability • Reduction of non-cutting time in the machining cycle

16. Prototype of NC Milling Machine Developed By MIT Controller Machine Tool

17. Basic Components of NC System An NC system consists of three basic components, • Program of Instructions • Machine Control Unit (MCU) • Processing Equipment Machine Control Unit Program Processing Equipment

18. Layout of Punched Cards NC Machine Part Drawing Equipment for part programming Punch Tape MCU, that converts part programming into electric signals Machine Tool

19. CNC Part Programming • CNC part programming contains geometric data about the part and movement commands of the cutting tool with respect to the work piece. • Preparatory functions (G-Codes) are associated with tool movements. • Miscellaneous functions (M-Codes) are associated with other auxiliary machine functions, such as coolant on/off function, fixture clamping, etc.

20. Methods of CNC Part Programming • Following are the various methods of CNC part Programming. • Manual Part Programming (MDI) • Computer-Assisted Part Programming • CAD/CAM-Assisted Part Programming

21. Machining Center & Turning Center • A machining center is highly automated machine tool capable of performing multiple machining operation under CNC control. • It is an advanced form of CNC Milling machine, having ATC and APC. • A turning center is capable of performing various turning operations under CNC control. • It is an advanced form of CNC Lathe machine, having ATC, workpiece gaging, and tool monitoring

22. CNC Machining Center

23. CNC Turning Center

24. Basics of Tooling

25. CAD/CAM Softwares • Solid Edge • SolidWorks • Catia • Pro/ENGINEER • AutoCAD • Unigraphics NX • Delcam • Mastercam

26. Applications of CAD/CAM • Engineering & Machining • Automated machining • Tool making • High Speed machining, etc.. • Transport Industry • Plastics & Packaging • Footwear & Consumer products • Dental and Orthotics • Reverse Engineering and rapid prototyping

27. Delcam • Delcam is one of the world's leading suppliers of advanced CAD/CAM software product development solutions for the manufacturing industry. • PowerShape is a Delcam CAD Package • PowerMill is a Delcam CAM Package

28. PowerShape Environment

29. PowerMill Environment

30. Capabilities of CAM Software • Manufacturing Processes Development • Generation and verification of tool path • Prototype development • CNC Programming • Tool path optimization • Effective machining strategies to reduce cost and time • Integration of CAD/CAM data for efficient data management

31. Output of CAM Software • NC Coding • Animation