Urology and Nephrology

1. 12 Urology and Nephrology

2. Media Directory Slide 17 Urinary System Anatomy Slide 19 Male Reproductive System Anatomy Slide 63 Vasectomy Video Slide 69 Renal Calculi Video Slide 72 Erectile Dysfunction Video Slide 75 Genital Herpes Video Slide 76 Gonorrhea Video Slide 81 Peritoneal Dialysis Video Slide 91 Urinalysis Video Slide 93 Catheterization Video

3. Learning Objectives UNDERSTAND the functions of the urinary and male reproductive systems. DESCRIBE the medical specialties of urology and nephrology. DEFINE urologyand nephrology-related combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes. IDENTIFY the organs treated in urology and nephrology.

4. Learning Objectives BUILD urology and nephrology medical terms from word parts. EXPLAIN urology and nephrology medical terms. USE urology and nephrology abbreviations.

5. Urology and Nephrology • Important for maintaining homeostasis • A stable internal environment • Removing waste products • Adjusting water and electrolyte levels • Maintaining normal pH

6. Urology and Nephrology • Kidneys produce urine • Urine flows through • Kidneys • Ureter • Urinary bladder • Urethra

7. Male Reproductive System • In males, urinary system and reproductive system share urethra • Male reproductive organs • Testes • Epididymis • Vas deferens • Seminal vesicles • Prostate gland • Bulbourethral gland • Urethra • Penis

8. Urology and Nephrology • Urologists treat conditions of: • Female and male urinary tract • Male reproductive system • Nephrologists treat conditions of kidney such as: • Renal failure • Kidney transplants • Dialysis

9. Urology and NephrologyCombining Forms balan/o glans penis cyst/o bladder epididym/o epididymis glomerul/o glomerulus lith/o stone nephr/o kidney orchid/o testes orchi/o testes orch/o testes prostat/o prostate gland pyel/o renal pelvis ren/o kidney

10. Urology and NephrologyCombining Forms semin/i semen spermat/o sperm sperm/o sperm testicul/o testicle ur/o urine ureter/o ureter urethr/o urethra urin/o urine vas/o vas deferens vesicul/o seminal vesicle

11. Additional Combining Forms albumin/o albumin azot/o nitrogen waste bacteri/o bacteria corpor/o body crypt/o hidden genit/o genitals glycos/o sugar, glucose hemat/o blood hem/o blood hydr/o water noct/i night olig/o scanty py/o pus rect/o rectum ven/o vein

12. Suffix Review –al pertaining to –algia pain –ar pertaining to –ary pertaining to –cele hernia, protrusion –cyte cell –eal pertaining to –ectomy surgical removal –emia blood condition –genesis produces, generates –gram record, picture –graphy process of recording –ia state –iasis abnormal condition

13. Suffix Review –ic pertaining to –ism state of, condition –itis inflammation –lith stone –logist one who studies –logy study –lysis destruction –megaly enlargement -meter instrument for measuring –oma tumor, mass –osis abnormal condition –ostomy surgically create an opening –otomy cutting into –ous pertaining to

14. Suffix Review –pathy disease –pexy surgical fixation –plasty surgical repair –ptosis drooping –rrhaphy suture –rrhea discharge, flow –sclerosis hardened condition –scope instrument for viewing –scopy process of visually examining –stenosis narrowing –tripsy crushing –trophy development –uria urine condition

15. Prefix Review a– without an– without dys– abnormal extra– outside of hyper– excessive intra– within poly– many trans– across

16. Urinary System Figure 12.1 The urinary system.

17. Urinary System Anatomy Click on the image in presentation mode to view the organs from different angles. The animation may take a moment to begin. Click a second time to pause the animation. Back to Directory

18. Male Reproductive System Figure 12.2 The male reproductive system.

19. Male Reproductive System Anatomy Click on the image in presentation mode to view the organs from different angles. The animation may take a moment to begin. Click a second time to pause the animation. Back to Directory

20. Building Urology and Nephrology Terms For each urology and nephrology term introduced on the next few slides, write the completed term in your textbook (pg 241).

21. Balan/o • Combining form meaning glans penis • Enlarged tip of the penis • Covered by the prepuce or foreskin • Build a medical term meaning: • discharge from the glans penis balanorrhea balan/o + -rrhea

22. Cyst/o • Combining form meaning urinary bladder • Muscular organ • Stores urine produced by the kidneys • Urine drains into bladder from ureters and into urethra

23. Urinary Bladder Figure 12.3 Urinary Bladder.

24. Cyst/o • Build a medical term meaning: • bladder pain • protrusion of the bladder • stone in the bladder cystalgia cystocele • cystolith cyst/o + -lith

25. Epididym/o • Combining form meaning epididymis • Sits on top of each testis • Stores sperm as they are made by the testes • Build a medical term meaning: • pertaining to the epididymis epididymal

26. Lith/o • Combining form meaning stone • Stones form in many parts of body • Usually formed from organic or inorganic salts

27. Lith/o • Build a medical term meaning: • surgical crushing of a stone • abnormal condition of stone in bladder lithotripsy cystolithiasis cyst/o +lith + -iasis

28. Nephr/o • Combining form meaning kidney • One kidney is located on either side of spine at level of lower ribs • Consists of thousands of nephrons • Glomerulus portion of each nephron filters waste products and excess water and electrolytes out of blood in order to produce urine

29. Kidney Figure 12.4 Kidney.

30. Nephr/o • Urine drains out of kidney into ureter and on to urinary bladder for storage • Build a medical term meaning: • enlarged kidney • drooping kidney nephromegaly nephroptosis nephr/o + -ptosis

31. Orchid/o • Combining form meaning testes • Male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone • Two testes are suspended outside body in the scrotum • As sperm are produced they travel to epididymis for storage • Singular form is testis

32. Testes Figure 12.5 Testis.

33. Orchid/o • Another term for testes is testicles (singular, testicle) • Build a medical term meaning: • surgical removal of testes orchidectomy orchid + -ectomy

34. Orchi/o • Another combining form meaning testes • Build a medical term meaning: • surgical fixation of the testes • testes pain orchiopexy orchialgia

35. Orch/o • Another combining form meaning testes • Build a medical term meaning: • state of being without testes • condition of hidden testes anorchism • cryptorchism crypt- +orch + -ism

36. -ostomy • Suffix meaning to create a surgical opening • Describes creation of new opening between two organs or between organ and external surface of body • New opening on surface of body is called stoma

37. -ostomy • Build a medical term meaning: • surgically create an opening in the ureter • surgically create an opening in the renal pelvis ureterostomy pyelostomy pyel + -ostomy

38. Prostat/o • Combining form meaning prostate gland • One of male reproductive glands • Located surrounding urethra at base of the bladder • Secretes milky fluid • Makes up much of liquid portion of semen • Serves to nourish sperm

39. Prostat/o • Build a medical term meaning: • surgical removal of the prostate gland prostatectomy prostat + -ectomy

40. Prostate Gland Figure 12.6 Prostate gland.

41. Pyel/o • Combining form meaning renal pelvis • Area inside each kidney where urine collects as it is being made • Each renal pelvis then drains into one of the ureters

42. Pyel/o • Build a medical term meaning: • renal pelvis and kidney inflammation pyelonephritis pyel/o +nephr + -itis

43. Ren/o • Another combining form meaning kidney • Build a medical term meaning: • record of the kidney renogram

44. Semin/i • Combining form meaning semen • Fluid ejaculated from penis during intercourse • Contains sperm and fluids secreted by reproductive glands: • Prostate gland • Seminal vesicles • Bulbourethral gland

45. Semin/i • Build a medical term meaning: • condition of semen in the urine seminuria semin + -uria

46. Spermat/o • Combining form meaning sperm • Male reproductive cells • Produced in testes and ejaculated from body in semen • Contain one-half of normal complement of chromosomes

47. Spermat/o • When sperm fertilizes ovum (which also has one-half set of chromosomes from mother), new baby is created with full set of chromosomes • Build a medical term meaning: • generates sperm • destruction of sperm spermatogenesis • spermatolysis

48. Sperm/o • Another combining form meaning sperm • Build a medical term meaning: • state of being without sperm • state of having scanty sperm aspermia oligospermia olig/o +sperm + -ia

49. Testicul/o • Combining form meaning testicle • Build a medical term meaning: • pertaining to a testicle testicular testicul + -ar

50. Ureter/o • Combining form meaning ureter • Tube leading away from renal pelvis of each kidney • Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder