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Chapter 7. Ethics, Values, and Attitudes. Chapter Goals. The goal of this chapter is to explore how leadership leads to ethical dilemmas where our ethics, values, and attitudes are directly involved. Ethics. Ethics are principles of right conduct or a system of moral values. Values.
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Chapter 7 Ethics, Values, and Attitudes
Chapter Goals • The goal of this chapter is to explore how leadership leads to ethical dilemmas where our ethics, values, and attitudes are directly involved.
Ethics • Ethics are principles of right conduct or a system of moral values.
Values • Values are “constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important.” (Gordon, 1975, p.2)
Developmental Stages • Kohlberg theorized that people progress through a series of developmental stages in their moral reasoning: • The Preconventional Stage • The Conventional Stage • The Postconventional Stage
Developmental Levels and Stages of Moral Reasoning - Preconventional level
Developmental Levels and Stages of Moral Reasoning - Conventional level Cont.
Developmental Levels and Stages of Moral Reasoning - Postconventional level Cont.
Values can affect leaders in six different ways: • values affect leaders’ perceptions of situations and the problems at hand. • values affect the solutions generated and the decisions that are reached. • values influence how leaders perceive different individuals and groups.
Values can affect leaders in six different ways: Cont. • values influence leaders’ perceptions of individual and organizational successes as well as the manner in which these successes are to be achieved. • values provide a basis for leaders to differentiate between right and wrong, and between ethical and unethical behavior. • values may affect the extent to which leaders accept or reject organizational pressures and goals.
Attitudes • Attitudes have three components: • the ideational component concerns what the attitude is about. • the affective component concerns the feelings one has about those ideas. • the behavioral component concerns how people act in certain ways.
Seven Fundamental Dilemmas that People of all Cultures Face • Source of Identity: Individual-Collective • Goals and Means of Achievement: Tough-Tender • Orientation to Authority: Equal-Unequal • Response to Ambiguity: Dynamic-Stable
Seven Fundamental Dilemmas that People of all Cultures Face Cont. • Means of Knowledge Acquisition: Active-Reflective • Perspective on Time: Scarce-Plentiful • Outlook on Life: Doing-Being