A Second Look At Vaccinations: The Risks and Dangers

1. A Second Look At Vaccinations:The Risks and Dangers A Special Report Young Living Grand Convention, June 18-21, 2002

2. A Second Look at Vaccinations: The Risks and Dangers A Special Report There are four major concerns that must be addressed regarding the mandated inoculations America's children receive: 1. Inoculation does not guarantee immunity 2. Informed consent 3. Vaccine contamination causes death and neurological damage 4. Conflict of interest in the vaccine bureaucracy 1. Inoculation does not guarantee immunity: A. There are a number of studies that show childhood diseases are becoming a "disease of immunized persons."1 Many epidemics have followed the introduction of vaccines. The Philippines had the worst smallpox epidemic ever in the early 1900s even after a vaccination rate of 95 percent.2 In 1986, 90 percent of the pertussis cases in Kansas were "adequately vaccinated."3 The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported a measles outbreak in a documented 100 percent vaccinated population.4 George Bernard Shaw said, "During the last considerable epidemic at the turn of the century [1900], I was a member of the Health Committee of London Borough Council, and I learned how the credit of vaccination is kept statistically by diagnosing all the revaccinated cases [of smallpox] as pustular eczema, varioloid or what not—except smallpox."5 B. The tuberculosis vaccine has been shown to have no efficacy against adult TB; the U.S. doesn't vaccinate and in 1999 had 6.4 tuberculosis cases per 100,000. Russia vaccinates for TB but its rate of infection was 85 cases per 100,000. Today it is even higher, states the author of Timebomb: The Global Epidemic of Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.6 C. Numerous studies show that disease rates were already falling before the introduction of vaccines. Better nutrition and sanitation are responsible for disease elimination. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) has stated: "The best vaccine against common infectious diseases is an adequate diet."

3. 2. Regarding informed consent: A. Parents are not aware that so many children sickened and died each year following vaccination that vaccine manufacturers threatened to halt production. Vaccine manufacturers were facing an onslaught of DPT vaccine wrongful death suits so the government took responsibility for adverse events. In 1986 Congress instituted the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, indemnifying vaccine manufacturers and transferring all vaccine claims to the U.S. Court of Claims. According to VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System), more than $1.2 billion has been paid out. B. A researcher writes that the Federal government's VAERS reporting system "receives about 11,000 reports of serious adverse reactions to vaccinations annually, which include as many as two hundred deaths, and several times that number of permanent disabilities." These figures represent just the tip of the iceberg, however. FDA statistics note that less than 10 percent of adverse events are actually reported even though mandated by law. C. Parents are also not told that it is their right to refuse vaccination based on philosophical or religious reasons. Nor are they told that in 1998 the Minister of Health in France suspended the Hepatitis B vaccine requirement for public school children. This followed troubling reports of autoimmune and neurological disorders after vaccination (as well as a lawsuit representing 15,000 French citizens who accused the government of understating the vaccine's risks and overstating its benefits). D. Why are hours-old infants being immunized against Hepatitis B when this disease infects intravenous drug users, homosexuals, prostitutes, and promiscuous heterosexuals? Pregnant women are screened for this disease before delivery and the children of infected mothers should be the only babies needing this vaccination. Why are innocent and pure infants unwittingly forced to risk their health because of an epidemic of disease caused by lifestyle choices made by consenting adults? Why is it that parents are never warned of the dangers of this particular vaccination? E. Studies show that children died at a rate eight times greater than normal "within three days of getting a DPT shot. Medical historian Harris Coulter, Ph.D., estimates that two-thirds of the 10,000 cases of crib death are vaccine related. It is known that when Japan moved the vaccination age to 2 years old in 1975, crib death and infantile convulsions virtually disappeared. F. The FDA and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) maintain a Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) but the FDA acknowledges that more than 90% of adverse events are not reported.7 In 1986, Congress

4. indemnified vaccine manufacturers from liability which has cost U.S. taxpayers more than $1.2 billion to date. Each death "payoff' has been limited to $250,000. VAERS data from January 1,1990 to November 1, 2001 show that: ● Following the DTP shot 807 children died. ● Following the DTaP shot 364 children died (acellular pertussis was adopted because of high reactions to live cell). ● Following the hepatitis B shot 679 children died. ● Following the haemophilus B shot 932 children died. ● Following the poliovirus live oral vaccine 970 children died. In 1996 only 54 cases of hepatitis B were reported in the 0-1 age group. There were 3.9 million births that year, so the observed incidence of hepatitis B in the 0-1 age group was just 0.001 %. VAERS received 1,080 total reports of adverse reactions from hepatitis B vaccine in 1996 in that same age group including 47 deaths. The hepatitis B vaccine actually caused more illness than the disease by a 20 to 1 ratio. 3. Vaccine contamination: A. One of the largest vaccine manufacturers was cited for failing to assure sterility in producing chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis A vaccines. A Freedom of Information Act request secured a copy of the report in which violations filled 23 pages. The Wall Street Journal quoted immunization chief for the Centers for Disease Control as saying that pediatricians have run out of vaccines largely because of "manufacturing snafu’s" at Merck & Co. No mention was made of the fact that FDA violations halted production. The report regarding the closure could not be found by searching the FDA's website. A telephone inquiry to the FDA resulted in disclosure and then the report was obtained by the Freedom of Information Act. B. On January 24, 2002 the U.S. government convened a 21-member advisory committee to investigate Gulf War Illness. The New York Times reported that veterans of the war were nearly twice as likely as other soldiers to suffer the fatal neurological illness known as Lou Gehrig's disease. Some researchers think inoculations of experimental vaccines

5. are to blame. Because of a high number of dangerous reactions, over 400 service men and women have opted for forced retirement rather than take the anthrax vaccine. C. The anthrax vaccine currently in use in America was developed for the less-fatal cutaneous (skin) anthrax. Its efficacy against inhaled anthrax has never been demonstrated. The vaccine was prepared using the garden-variety anthrax commonly found around livestock. Biowarfare anthrax will have been genetically modified. The New York Times authors of Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War write that: "It takes 18 months to develop a weapons-grade agent and ten years to develop a good vaccine against it." D. Vaccine manufacturers have failed to produce peer-reviewed, published safety studies on childhood vaccines. Michael Belkin, father of an infant that died following a hepatitis B shot questioned this vaccine's safety as he asked, "Why do the CDC, ACIP (the committee that decides which vaccines are mandated) and Merck say that there are 140,000-320,000 new infections a year (70,000-160,000 symptomatic infections a year) when their own CDC data show only 10,000 reported cases a year? They are passing off estimated hypothetical numbers as actual cases. This is statistical fraud." E. Thimerosal, which is 49.6 percent mercury, was first marketed in 1930 and can still be found in some vaccines as a preservative. As thimerosal began to be used throughout the United States there was an unexpected rise in "adverse events." Toward the end of the '30s, child psychiatrist Leo Kanner identified a new kind of mental illness: autism. Autism and mercury poisoning have extremely similar symptoms. At a San Diego research meeting on autism, Dr. Stephanie Cave presented the following information: "By the age of two, American children have received 237 micrograms of mercury through vaccines alone, which far exceeds current EPA 'safe' levels of 0.1 mcg/kg. per day. That's one-tenth of a microgram, not one microgram. "Three days in particular may be singled out as spectacularly toxic for infants: "Day of birth: hepatitis B—12 mcg mercury (30 times safe level). "At 4 months: DTaP and HiB on same day—50 mcg mercury (60 times safe level).

6. "At 6 months: Hep B, Polio—62.5 mcg mercury (78 times safe level). "At 15 months the child received another 50 mcg (41 times safe level). "These figures are calculated for an infant's average weight in kilograms for each age. These one-day blasts of mercury are called 'bolus doses.' Although they far exceed 'safe' levels, there has never been any research conducted on the toxicity of such bolus doses of mercury given to infants all these years."8 A press release about the National Institutes of Health (NIH) mercury-reduction program (April 26, 2001) noted: "Mercury is a potent neurotoxin. . . . Infants and young children are also very vulnerable to the impacts of mercury because it can affect their developing brains." And yet we continue to inject bolus doses of mercury directly into tiny infants with many childhood vaccines. In the opening statement of Congressman Dan Burton (R-IN), Chairman of the Government Reform Committee hearing "Mercury in Medicine-Are We Taking Unnecessary Risks?” July 18, 2000, Washington, D.C., Representative Burton said: "On July 9, 1999, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Public Health Service issued a joint statement recommending the removal of thimerosal from vaccines. On May 31, 2000, the Food and Drug Administration notified vaccine manufacturers that its review of mercury compounds in drugs and foods concluded that reducing or eliminating thimerosal from vaccines is merited. However, there has been no mandatory action. These vaccines are still in use." A number of studies have shown a link between the excessive mercury exposure due to vaccines and rising rates of autism in children (a report issued by the California Health and Human Services Agency revealed a 273 percent increase in California children diagnosed with autism in the past decade). One study noted: "A review of medical literature and US government data suggests that (i) many cases of idiopathic autism are induced by early mercury exposure from thimerosal; (ii) this type of autism represents an unrecognized mercurial syndrome; and (iii) genetic and non-genetic factors establish a predisposition whereby thimerosal's adverse effects occur only in some children."9 Another study reported: "Because mercury is known to be a potential neurotoxin to infants, further study of its pharmacodynamics is warranted."

7. An article in the Sunday Times in London on May 27, 2001 observed, "Mercury in vaccines for babies and infants could be the cause of autism in children around the world, according to a growing number of scientists. . ." The National Autistic Society estimates that there are about 500,000 people with autism in Britain, 120,000 of them children. According to one recent study, there has been a tenfold increase [of autism] among children between 1984 and 1994. F. If mercury were the only contaminant in vaccines, we could consider ourselves lucky. Dr. Joseph Mercola listed some vaccine ingredients parents are probably unaware of. A major component of all vaccines is a cell culture. Human diploid cells (which come from aborted fetal tissue) have been used in the following vaccines: MMR, chickenpox, poliomyelitis (although not all manufacturers use human cells), rabies, and hepatitis A. If human tissues are not used, then one or more of the following are used: pig and horse blood, rabbit brain, porcine (pig) pancreatic hydrolysate of casein, dog kidney, monkey kidney, chick embryo, chicken and duck eggs, and calf (bovine) serum. The use of monkey cell lines in the manufacturing of polio vaccines is having terrifying consequences 50 years later. Sixty different laboratories have confirmed that SV40 (simian virus #40) has been found in human cancer tumors. Dr. Mercola writes: "Some researchers contend that SV40 was transmitted to humans through the polio vaccine, which has saved many lives. The vaccine is made in monkey kidney cells, and from 1955 to 1963 an estimated 20 million Americans were given doses contaminated with SV40." In 1961, the Food and Drug Administration ordered all vaccine manufacturers to screen out the SV40. One study suggests that Lederle did not do so.10 Vaccines use aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate as "adjuvants" which are believed to improve the immune response. Aluminum is a known toxin that can cause encephalitis, bone disease, and anemia in susceptible people. It is also implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Formaldehyde and phenoxyethanol (also known as antifreeze) can also be found in many vaccines. The toxicity of these chemicals has been long established. 4. Conflict of interest between vaccine industry and government regulators In the United States the FDA licenses vaccines and recommendations about immunizations are dictated by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The members of this committee are appointed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). ACIP recommendations are enacted into law by public health departments and/or state legislatures, often after extensive lobbying by vaccine manufacturing sales representatives.

8. In 1991 the National Vaccine Information Center requested the removal of two of the five members of ACIP, who were prominent physicians, Dr. Edward Mortimer of Case Western University, and Dr. James Cherry of UCLA. These two men were shown to have accepted more than $800,000 in expert witness fees, consulting fees, and research grants from DPT vaccine manufacturers. No action was taken. The September 2, 2000 issue of The Lancet, reported: "U.S. government officials are failing to enforce conflict of interest regulations and are allowing experts with industry ties to sit on vaccine approval panels, charges a U.S. government report." The report was prepared by the House Committee on Government Reforms which stated that members of committees that make recommendations to the FDA and CDC (the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices) "owned stock in the companies producing similar vaccines; others had received honoraria and grants from companies and institutions that stood to gain should the vaccine be approved; and several worked for institutions that had financial ties to companies with interests in the decision." These conflict of interest violations have had tragic consequences. The rotavirus vaccine was licensed in the USA on August 31, 1998, and placed on the vaccination schedule. In July 1999, it was suspended and on October 22, 1999, its approval was revoked. More than 100 infants developed a serious and potentially fatal bowel blockage called intussusception. Congressman Dan Burton’s hearing on “Conflicts of Interest and Vaccine Development” reported that: 1. Members, including the Chair, of the FDA and CDC advisory committees who make these decisions own stock in drug companies that make vaccines. 2. Individuals on both advisory committees own patents for vaccines under consideration or affected by the decisions of the committee. 3. Three out of five of the members of the FDA's advisory committee who voted for the rotavirus vaccine had conflicts of interest that were waived. 4. Seven individuals of the 15-member FDA advisory committee were not present at the meeting, two others were excluded from the vote, and the remaining five were joined by five temporary voting members who all voted to license the product.

9. 5. The CDC grants conflict-of-interest waivers to every member of their advisory committee a year at a time, and allows full participation in the discussions leading up to a vote by every member, whether they have a financial stake in the decision or not. 6. The CDC's advisory committee has no public members—no parents have a vote in whether or not a vaccine belongs on the childhood immunization schedule. The FDA's committee has only one public member. Congressman Burton noted that Dr. Harry Greenberg, who serves as chair of the FDA committee was excluded from the vote on the rotavirus vaccine since he owns the patent on the vaccine. It was noted that Dr. Greenberg owns $120,000 of stock in Avrion, a vaccine manufacturer. He is also a paid member of the board of advisors of Chiron, another vaccine manufacturer and owns $40,000 of its stock. Are Children "Captive Consumers" of the Powerful Vaccine Industry? The total commitment of the American medical community to vaccination is the result of misplaced, blind faith and devotion to financial rewards. There is a very real possibility that true scientific inquiry has been overwhelmed by a monolithic profit structure now controlling vaccine policy in the United States. President Eisenhower warned many years ago about the "military-industrial complex." It seems the medical-industrial complex may be even more dangerous. In The Medical Time Bomb of Immunization Against Disease by Robert S. Mendelssohn, MD, he writes: "There is a growing suspicion that immunization against relatively harmless childhood diseases may be responsible for the dramatic increase in autoimmune diseases since mass inoculations were introduced. These are fearful diseases such as cancer, leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease, lupus erythematosus, and the Guillain-Barre syndrome. An autoimmune disease can be explained simply as one in which the body's defense mechanisms cannot distinguish between foreign invaders and ordinary body tissues, with the consequences that the body begins to destroy itself. Have we traded mumps and measles for cancer and leukemia?"

10. References 1. Mayo Vaccine Group, Arch Int Med, 154(16):1815-20,2994 Aug 22. 2. Physician William Howard Hay's address of June 25, 1937; printed in The Congressional Record. 3. Neil Miller, Vaccines: Are They Safe and Effective? p. 33. 4. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMRW) 33 (24),6/22/84. 5. GBS, Further Extracts from His Writings, The Vaccination Inquirer, Sept. 1952. 6. Lee B. Reichman, M.D., M.P.H., with Janice Hopkins Tanne, McGraw-Hill, 2002. 7. Reported by K M Severyn, R.Ph.D in the Dayton Daily News, May 28, 1993 (Ohio Parents for Vaccine Safety, 251 Ridgeway Dr., Dayton, OH 45459.) 8. Autism and Mercury. Testimony presented by Stephanie Cave, MD before the Committee on Government Reform, US House of Representatives, July 18, 2000. Also presented at the Defeat Autism Now! Conference, 15 Sep 2000, San Diego, CA. 9. Bernard, S. et al., Autism: A novel form of mercury poisoning, Med Hypotheses 2001 Apr;56(4):462-71. 10. Kops, S.P., "Oral polio vaccine and human cancer: a reassessment of SV40 as a contaminant based upon legal documents, Anticancer Res 2000 Nov-Dec; 20(6C) :4745-9. For more information, please see the websites of the National Vaccine Information Center (www.909shot.com) and Dr. Joseph Mercola (www.mercola.com), and What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Children's Vaccinations, by Dr. Stephanie Cave (Warner Books), 2001.

11. VaccinationDoes Not Guarantee Immunization

12. Vaccinate or Immunize? • “Immunize” isn’t used much now regarding vaccines because they don’t guarantee immunity. • The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reported: “Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis B and parapertussis occurs frequently even in populations with high immunization rates.”

13. Vaccinate or Immunize? • In the early 1900s, the Philippines had the worst smallpox epidemic ever after a vaccination rate of 95%. • In 1989, the country of Oman experienced a widespread polio outbreak six months after achieving a complete vaccination rate.

14. Vaccinate or Immunize? • Japan had yearly increases in smallpox following the introduction of compulsory vaccines in 1872. Ten years later, there were 165,774 cases with 29,979 deaths and all had been vaccinated. • During the same time, Australia had no compulsory vaccine laws and recorded only 3 deaths from smallpox over 15 years.

15. Vaccinate or Immunize? • The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported a measles outbreak in a documented 100% vaccinated population. • In 1986, 90% of 1,300 pertussis cases in Kansas were “adequately vaccinated.” • In Chicago, 72% of pertussis cases were up-to-date with their vaccinations.

16. Vaccinate or Immunize? • In 1982, Maryland health officials blamed a pertussis epidemic on parents’ fears of the dangers of DPT vaccine; but when former top virologist for the U.S. Division of Biological Standards, Dr. J. Anthony Morris, analyzed the 41 cases, he confirmed only 5, and all had been vaccinated.

17. Vaccinate or Immunize? • Before England’s first compulsory vaccination law in 1853, the largest two-year smallpox death rate was about 2,000; in 1870-71, England and Wales had over 23,000 smallpox deaths. Dispelling Vaccination Myths by Alan Phillips, Director of “Citizens for Healthcare Freedom”

18. Vaccinate or Immunize? • “The apparent paradox is that as measles immunization rates rise to high levels in a population, measles becomes a disease of immunized persons.” Failure to reach the goal of measles elimination. Apparent paradox of measles infections in immunized persons. Mayo Vaccine Research Group, Archives of Int. Medicine 154(16):1815-20, 1994 Aug. 22.

19. Nursing Home Residents Get Flu Despite Flu Shot • A flu outbreak in Nebraska’s urban area killed one nursing home resident • Nearly all of the residents received flu shots • A similar outbreak at the Grand Island Veterans Home occurred although 98% of the residents were given flu shots Midwest Nurse Week, Vol. 3, No. 2; March/April 2002, p.27

20. Alzheimer’s and Flu Vaccinations • According to Hugh Fudenberg, MD (the world’s leading immunogeneticist, author of nearly 850 papers in peer-reviewed journals): Individuals who have had five consecutive flu shots between 1970 and 1980 (years studied) have a ten times higher chance of getting Alzheimer’s disease than if they had one, two or no shots.

21. Alzheimer’s and Flu Vaccinations (Continued) • When asked why, Dr. Fudenberg said it was due to the mercury and aluminum in every flu shot. The gradual mercury and aluminum buildup in the brain causes cognitive dysfunction. • Johns Hopkins Newsletter Nov. 1998 stated Alzheimer’s incidence would quadruple in coming years. Could flu shots be one reason?

25. Parents Should Be Informed of Vaccine Risks

26. Informed Consent: Parents have the right to refuse vaccination based on their philosophical and/or religious views. Most parents are not aware that Congress instituted the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, indemnifying vaccine manufacturers and transferring all vaccine claims to the U.S. Court of Claims. The last figures released show that VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System) has paid out more than $1.2 billion to the parents of children damaged or killed by vaccines.

27. Vaccines Can Cause Death and Neurological Damage

31. Crib Death or Vaccine Death? • Viera Schreibner, PhD and Leif Karlsson, a biomedical electronics engineer, developed a breathing monitor for babies at risk for crib death. • The surprising findings: “[We found that] the babies’ breathing was affected in a certain characteristic manner and over a long period of time following DPT injections.” • “There was a significant and clear clustering of these [crib] deaths around the time of vaccination.”

32. Crib Death or Vaccine Death? • Medical historian, Harris Coulter, PhD, estimates that two-thirds of the 10,000 cases of crib death are vaccine-related. • When Japan moved the vaccination age to 2 years old in 1975, crib death and infantile convulsions virtually disappeared. Cherry, et al., Pediatrics Supplement, p. 973, 1988

33. Crib Death or Vaccine Death? • Studies show that children die at a rate eight times greater than normal within three days of getting a DPT shot. JM Fine, LC Chen “Confounding in studies of adverse reactions to vaccines,” American Journal of Epidemiology, 136 (1992), pp. 121-35

34. Pertussis Vaccine and Stress-Induced Breathing Patterns Day of DPT Shot WAHD Values (Thousands) Days Before and After DPT Shot

35. Pertussis Vaccine andSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Summary: Of 103 children who died of SIDS, 70% had received the DPT vaccine within 3 weeks. % of Death Number of Days After DPT Shot

36. Deadly Neurotoxin Mercury Is Still Found in Many Vaccines Including the Flu Vaccine

37. Who is telling the TRUTH? • U.S. Public Health Service: NO HARM • “There are no data or evidence of any harm caused by the level of exposure that some children may have encountered in following the existing immunization schedule. Infants and children who have received thimerosal-containing vaccines do not need to be tested for mercury exposure.” Joint Statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the United States Public Health Service (USPHS), Sept. 1999.

38. Who is telling the TRUTH? • National Institutes of Health: BEWARE OF MERCURY! • “Mercury is a potent neurotoxin . . . Infants and young children are also very vulnerable to the impacts of mercury because it can affect their developing brains.” National Institutes of Health April 26, 2001.

39. Mercury Horse Drug Recalled by The FDA • Drug contains mercury: poisonous to horses and people • Purchasers should not use it • Contact local waste-management authorities to learn how to destroy it without endangering animals, people, or waterways The Salt Lake Tribune, June 1, 2002 The FDA Protects Horses from Mercury Why Don’t They Recall Mercury-Containing Vaccines?

40. Mercury Poisoning • By the age of two, American children have received 237 micrograms of mercury through vaccines. • This far exceeds the EPA ‘safe’ levels of 0.1 mcg/kg per day. That’s one-tenth of a microgram, not one microgram.

41. Mercury Poisoning • Four days in particular may be singled out as spectacularly toxic for infants: 1. Day of birth: Hepatitis B—12 mcg mercury (30 times safe level). 2. Four months: DTaP and Hib on same day—50 mcg mercury (60 times safe level). 3. Six months: Hepatitis B, Polio—62.5 mcg mercury (78 times safe level). 4. Fifteen months: another 50 mcg (41 times safe level.

42. Mercury Poisoning • “These figures are calculated for an infant’s average weight in kilograms for each age. These one-day blasts of mercury are called ‘bolus doses.’ There has never been any research conducted on the toxicity of such doses.” Dr. Stephanie Cave

43. Confidential Report • On October 17, 2001 the law firm of Waters & Kraus revealed a confidential report by the Centers for Disease Control which studied autism as a neurological injury caused by mercury in vaccines.

44. Confidential Report The CDC report stated: • “We found increasing risks of neurological developmental disorder.” • Disorders noted were: • Developmental Speech Disorder • Autism • Stuttering • Attention Deficit Disorder

45. Confidential Report • The study found a 2.48 times increased risk of autism. • Children with mercury exposure were more than twice as likely to develop autism as children not exposed.

46. Confidential Report U.S. law states that: • “In a vaccine injury case, a relative risk greater than 2.0 establishes that there is a greater than 50% chance that the injury was caused by the vaccine.” New Yorkers for Vaccination Information and Choice, press release by Waters & Kraus, Dallas, Texas

47. Altered Report A different version was made public and claimed results were inconclusive as to whether the mercury in vaccines has caused a nationwide epidemic of regressive autism and other neurological disorders in small children.

48. 5 Drug Makers Use Material with Possible Mad Cow Link • The FDA has repeatedly asked pharmaceutical companies not to use materials from cows raised in countries at risk of Mad Cow Disease. • Five companies making nine vaccines, some given to millions of American children, used at-risk bovine material—but the FDA didn’t discover this for seven years.

49. Drug Makers Use Material with Possible Mad Cow Link • The list of vaccines that may be at risk for Mad Cow Disease/nCJD transmission are: 1. ActHIB, sold by Aventis Pasteur 2. OmniHIB, sold by GlaxcoSmithKline 3. Infanrix, sold by GlaxcoSmith Kline (DPT) 4. Certiva, sold by North American Vaccine, now a unit of Baxter International (DPT) New York Times, February 8, 2001

50. Drug Makers Use Material with Possible Mad Cow Link • List of vaccines using materials from unknown geographic origin: 1. IPOL, sold by Aventis Pasteur (polio) 2. Pnu-Imune 23, sold by American Home Products’ Lederle Laboratories (pneumoccocal diseases) 3. Anthrax vaccine, sold by BioPort 4. Rabies vaccine, sold by BioPort New York Times, February 8, 2001