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Andrew Reed and Pierre Desrochers. The Invisible Green Hand. Key points. “The partial waste (incomplete usage) of natural raw materials used in the manufacturing process represent(s) a cost to the firm.”
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Andrew Reed and Pierre Desrochers The Invisible Green Hand
Key points “The partial waste (incomplete usage) of natural raw materials used in the manufacturing process represent(s) a cost to the firm.” “Infringing on the property rights of other when discarding waste could incur fines, cutting directly into a firm’s profitability.” Civil actions were also available to harmed parties.
Industrial processes • Since the early days of large scale manufacturing, firms sought uses for byproducts. • Important examples • Coal Tar • Animal by-products
Common Law Property Doctrines • Trespass: Actual intrusions • Nuisance: Intangible intrusions
Kalundborg • Privately arranged network of firms that would “feed” on each others in this Danish industrial town • But experts, it was thought, could do better: Imagine what a team of designers would come up with if they were to start from scratch, locating and specifying industries that had potentially synergistic and symbiotic relationships. (Paul Hawkin)
Finally • Regulation displaces common law solutions, and, lacking the motivation or context for private actions to protect rights, the system of checks and balances erodes.