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WAR OVER PEACE DECLARED

WAR OVER PEACE DECLARED. November 11 th 1918. What does it take to make a lasting peace? Was that evident in the Paris peace settlement?. What battle did Wilson have on the homefront and why? Which of Wilson’s 14 pts made it onto the peace treaty and which did not?

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WAR OVER PEACE DECLARED

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  1. WAR OVERPEACE DECLARED November 11th 1918

  2. What does it take to make a lasting peace? • Was that evident in the Paris peace settlement?

  3. What battle did Wilson have on the homefront and why? • Which of Wilson’s 14 pts made it onto the peace treaty and which did not? • What compromises were made?

  4. How could the League of Nations been successful?

  5. 7,849,000 Soldiers lay dead in the Fields of Europe • A generation wiped out by Bombs, Bullets and Gas

  6. Allied Powers meet • KEY Points: • WHO CAUSED the war • WHO is to PAY for the war • WHAT is TO BECOME of Germany, Austria and Europe as a whole

  7. The Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles • Britain: David Lloyd – George • Felt GB should be given Germany’s colonies • Wanted Germany weakened in some way • Felt GB should have some control of the seas

  8. The Big Four • France : George Clemenceau • Wanted French troops on the Rhineland guarding against future attacks • Wanted Alsace-Lorraine back- taken in 1870 • Wanted Germany to pay for everything

  9. The Big Four • Italy: Vittorio Orlando • Wanted extra land for Italy • Wanted his FAIR SHARE from the spoils of war

  10. The Big Four • USA: Woodrow Wilson • 14 Points • Ban Secret Treaties • Guarantee Freedom of the seas • Principle of Self Determination • League of Nations

  11. SUMMARY OF TREATY • Germany blamed for the war • Germany had to pay all war damages • Germany reduced army • Germany could have NO airforce, subs, limited to six ships

  12. Germany had to accept total responsibility for starting the First World War.this was called the War Guilt Clause or Article 231.

  13. Germany had to pay £6,600 million in reparations to cover war damages and other Allied losses.These were called reparations.

  14. Germany had to hand over some 70,000 square kilometres of land. This accounted for about 13% of all of her land and six million of her people who lived there.

  15. Germany was to have her colonies taken away from her. These colonies were to become mandates run by the Allies on behalf of the League of Nations.

  16. The German army was to have no more than 100,000 men and the navy was limited to 15,000 sailors. There was to be no airforce and no submarines.

  17. The German navy was only allowed six battleships and Germany was forbidden to buy any more weapons and other war material.

  18. An Allied Army was to occupy the Rhineland for a period of fifteen years. No German troops were to be allowed into the occupation zone.

  19. SUMMARY OF TREATY • Germany lost territories as Poland was formed from some of its land • Germany lost all colonies

  20. RESULTS OF WWI • Treaty of Versailles: Germany had to accept sole responsibility for WWI • Germany lost its colonies and had to pay huge war reparations

  21. President Wilson’s 14 points • Wilson offered a plan for lasting peace • Most of his points were lost. • Europe was not ready to forgive

  22. WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS • Ban Secret Treaties • Guarantee Freedom of the seas • Principle of Self Determination • League of Nations

  23. REASONS FOR FAILURE • Wilson Angered Republicans • Allied leaders more interested in punishing the enemies.

  24. RESULTS OF WWI • Great Empires came to an end: German Empire, Austria-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire • League of Nations was established, Led to the United Nations /US never joined.

  25. RESULTS OF WWI • New Countries: Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia • New boundary lines were drawn which caused tension that carried over into WWII

  26. To help pay for war Debts, nations increased their supply of paper money. This led to inflation • New boundary lines drawn which caused tension that led to WWII

  27. France - 1,368,000 dead

  28. Austria Hungary - 1,200,000 dead

  29. Germany - 1,935,000 dead

  30. British Empire - 942,135 dead

  31. The End • On November 11, 1918 at 11:00 A.M. the armistice was signed. • At the left, the village of Esnes, before and after

  32. Other nations • Belgium - 45,550Greece - 23,098Italy - 680,000Portugal - 8,145Romania - 300,000Serbia - 45,000Bulgaria - 87,495Ottoman empire - 725,000Montenegro - 3,000Japan - 1,344

  33. United States - 116,516 dead

  34. Russia - 1,700,000 dead

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