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HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview

This overview highlights the global impact of HIV/AIDS on women, with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. It discusses the key challenges and vulnerabilities faced by women and identifies opportunities for prevention, treatment, and care.

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HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview

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  1. HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview Global HIV/AIDS and Women: Current Challenges and Opportunities Briefing, Rayburn House Office Building Jen Kates, PhD September 9, 2014 Vice President; Director, Global Health & HIV Policy Kaiser Family Foundation jkates@kff.org http://globalhealth.kff.org

  2. Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic

  3. Snapshot of the Global Epidemic *Of people living with HIV. SOURCES: UNAIDS, Gap Report; 2014.

  4. Global Impact of HIV on Women • Half of all people (ages 15+) living with HIV are women (more than 16 million); 80% of them live in sub-Saharan Africa • Every day, more than 2,400 women are newly infected with HIV • Young women in sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely as young men to be living with HIV and account for 1 in 4 new HIV infections in the region • 57% of women in sub-Saharan Africa are not yet on ART • Most women are infected through heterosexual transmission 100% 82% Leading role Major role, but not leading

  5. Women as Share of People Living with HIV Globally and by Region, 2013 NOTE: Among adults, ages 15 and older. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation, based on UNAIDS, Gap Report; 2014.

  6. Domestic HIV/AIDS Epidemic

  7. Snapshot of the U.S. HIV/AIDS Epidemic U.S. Accounts for 4% of All People Living with HIV, Globally *Of those who are aware of their infection. NOTE: Data are estimates. SOURCES: CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report; Vol. 18, No. 5; October 2013. CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report; Vol. 17, No. 4; December 2012. CDC, HIV Surveillance Report, Vol. 23; February 2013; CDC, Fact Sheet – HIV in the United States: The Stages of Care; July 2012.

  8. Impact of HIV on Women in the U.S. • Women represent 1 in 4 people living with HIV in the U.S. • One in five new HIV infections in the U.S. is among women; 22% of these are young women, ages 13-24 • Black women account for almost two-thirds of new HIV infections among women • 64% of women with HIV in the U.S. are not yet on ART • Most women are infected through heterosexual transmission 100% 82% Leading role Major role, but not leading

  9. Women as Share of People Living with HIV in the U.S. Overall & by State, 2010 SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundationanalysis of data from CDC.

  10. Rates of New HIV Infections per 100,000, by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, United States, 2010 NOTE: Data are estimates for adults/adolescents aged 13 and older and do not include U.S. dependent areas. Estimates shown only for whites, Blacks, and Latinos. SOURCE: CDC, HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report, Vol. 17, No. 4; December 2012.

  11. What Puts Women at Risk for HIV?

  12. Women and HIV: Key Challenges & Vulnerabilities • Lack of awareness of HIV status and/or partner’s HIV status • Biological risk, especially for young women • Barriers in accessing HIV prevention, treatment and care services, as well as other reproductive/sexual health services • Lack of services and resources for adolescent girls • Gender-based violence • Criminalization of sex work • Lack of say in health decisions • Age-disparate relationships (older partners more likely to be HIV positive) • Access to education, employment opportunities, financial resources • Support as caregivers of others with HIV 100% 82% Leading role Major role, but not leading

  13. Looking Ahead: Opportunities and Optimism

  14. HIV/AIDS and Women: An Overview Thank you! Jen Kates September 9, 2014 Kaiser Family Foundation http://kff.org/global-health-policy/

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