After World War I

1. After World War I

2. Totalitarianism • Government takes total control over every aspect of public and private life • Police spy on the citizens and intimidate them to enforce the governments policies

3. …continued… • Government use propaganda [true or not true] to sway people to accept certain beliefs or actions • Permission is required by the government for any type of media to be released • Create “enemies of the state” to blame for things that go wrong • These normally are members of religious or ethnic group

4. Joseph stalin • By 1938, Stalin was in complete and total command of the Communist Party • Stalin completely transformed the government of the Soviet Union • Great Purge: eliminated anyone who threatened Stalin’s power Executed or sent to labor camps 8 million to 13 million deaths

5. Women gained rights and in 1917 women were declared equal to men • By 1930- Stalin had successfully turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian regime

6. Communism in China • In 1912, China was considered the new Republic of China under the President of Sun Yixian • He hoped to establish a modern government –nationalism, people’s rights, and people’s livelihood • Lacking in authority, he turned the presidency over to Yuan Shikai who quickly betrayed the democratic ideals that Sun wanted to instill

7. Continued… • In 1923, Lenin sent military advisers and equipment to China to help transform China’s government into communism • There was still a Nationalist party during the rise of the Communist party in China and obviously, heads butted. • By 1930, Civil War broke out in China between the Nationalist and the Communist • During the war, Japan decided to invade China which forced the leaders of the Nationalist and Communist parties to join forces to fight Japan • 1937- Japan launched an all-out invasion of China • Nationalist and Communist leaders forced a truce between them which brought the Civil War to a close

8. Mohandas K. Gandhi • Leader of the Independence movement in India • Attracted millions of followers and led the movement for India to gain independence from Britain • Gandhi instructed the Indians to refuse to buy British goods, pay British taxes, or vote in British elections. • Gandhi led his followers in strikes and demonstrations against the British which caused an economic downturn for Britain • Eventually Britain passed the Government of India Act in 1935 which let India have local self-government and some democratic elections though not complete Independence

9. Nationalism in India and southwest Asia • The breakup of the Ottoman Empire and growing interest in Southwest Asia led to the rise of nationalism in these regions • Just like India wanted independence, so did the people of Southwest Asia

10. Forming of countries- Turkey • The Ottoman Empire was forced to give up all of it’s territories except for Turkey • 1919- Greek soldiers invaded Turkey • Mustafa Kemal- led Turkish nationalists in fighting back the Greeks and gained Independence • In 1923- Kemal became President of the new Republic of Turkey and began to transform Turkey into a modern nation

11. Forming of countries- Iran • Great Britain and Russia established spheres of influence in the ancient country of Persia • While Russia was dealing with the Bolshevik Revolution, Britain tried to take over Persia • This triggered a nationalist revolt in Persia which led to a Persian army officer seizing power • Reza Shah Pahlavi- new leader of Persia who set to modernize his country and changed the name of Persia to Iran

12. Saudi Arabia and Oil • Saudi Arabia held strictly to Islamic law • The Saudi government was based on custom, religion, and family ties • Oil brought explorations to Southwest Asia • Foreign businesses invested huge sums of money to develop these oil fields • Western nations tried to dominate this region