Introduction

1. Introduction Research proposal outline SELF-REGULATING STRATEGIES USED BY ATHLETES TO REGULATE MOOD

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS • Introduction to the study and problems to be investigated • Problem statement • Overview of the study • Background of the study • Literature review • Design and procedure • Data analysis • Results • Conclusion

3. PROBLEM TO BE INVESTIGATED • The purpose of this research is to investigate how athletes use self regulation methods to regulate their moods to improve performance • Justification: There have been a lot of research on relationship of mood and performance in athletes. However, there is limited research on the antecedents of mood and how athletes tend to deal with issues of deep states of mood that may hinder their performance • Mood is an essential factor in performance of athletes hence need for the study

4. Problem statement • The objective of this study is investigating the strategies used by athletes in regulating their intense moods to enhance their performance in sports • Understanding these strategies is essential for sports behavioral psychologists • It can be used to design various interventions • These interventions can be applied to improve performance in the field

5. Problem statement (Continued) • The study also aims to investigate the existence of causal relationship between performance of athletes and mood. • It will also examine the relationship between the factors that cause bad behavior and the strategies that are used by employees to reduce negative moods

6. Overview of the study • The research will use data collected from surveys of two hundred and seventeen athletes • It will use statistical analytical tools to analyze the relationship between mood and performance • Understanding the effects of mood on performance will help in developing interventions for helping athletes in managing intense moods

7. Background study • Researchers acknowledge the role of theory and research on applied sport psychology • Relationship between mood and performance in sports • Understanding the mechanisms used by athletes to control mood • Role of mood in enhancing performance

8. Literature review • There are several studies on the relationship between mood and performance and strategies used to reduce bad moods by athletes • The relationship between scores on The Profile of Mood State and performance is the earliest research on sport psychology done in 1971. • Other studies are meta-analysis studies that shows that mood can be used to predict performance under the fulfilment of certain pre conditions

9. Procedure • A total of 217 athletes aged above 17 years will be surveyed • This will be a sample representative of the general population of athletes • The athletes will be randomly selected to ensure the data obtained is unbiased • The method of study will be questionnaire based self-reports

10. Data analysis • Data analytical tools will be employed in the analysis of the data collected • The causal relationship between mood and performance will be examined • The strategies that cause bad mood among the athletes will be analyzed from the responses given. • The Hypothesis tested: • Null hypothesis: There is significance relationship between bad mood and performance • Alternative hypothesis: There is no significance relationship between bad mood and performance

11. Data analysis • ANOVA method will examine whether there is any significance relationship between strategies used to reduce bad mood and the various factors that cause bad mood • Regression analysis will examine if there is any casual relationship between performance and mood. • Generally, causal relationship is assumed to exits but there have been no studies to verify the extend of the causal relationship

12. Results • Results will be tabulated against their effects of the performance of athletes. • The moods tabulated against performance will be anger, confusion, fatigues, depression and vigor • Conclusions will be drawn based on the frequency and the general effectiveness of mood regulating strategies and their effectiveness on improving the employee performance

13. Conclusion • Conclusions of the most effectiveness strategies that will be drawn based on the results • Recommendations will then be done based on these conclusions

14. References • Beedie, C., Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (2000). The Profile of Mood States and athletic performance: Two meta-analyses. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12, 49-68. • Berger, B. G., & Motl, R. W. (2000). Exercise and mood: A selective review and synthesis of research employing the Profile of Mood States. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12, 69-92 • LeUnes, A. (2000). An update bibliography on the Profile of Mood States in sport and exercise psychology research. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12, 110-113. • Renger, R. (1993). A review of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in the prediction of athletic success. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 5, 78-84. • Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories: An educational perspective (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.