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Exam #3 W 4/7 in class Review T 4/6 at 6-8pm in SZB 104

Exam #3 W 4/7 in class Review T 4/6 at 6-8pm in SZB 104. Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response. Fig 48.3. Responses can be release of hormones, change in cell activity, or muscle contraction. Response.

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Exam #3 W 4/7 in class Review T 4/6 at 6-8pm in SZB 104

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  1. Exam #3 W 4/7 in class Review T 4/6 at 6-8pm in SZB 104

  2. Nerves allow us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response. Fig 48.3 Responses can be release of hormones, change in cell activity, or muscle contraction Response

  3. Muscles can only contract. Therefore, two muscles are needed for each range of motion. Fig 50.32

  4. 2 nerve signals for every movement: excitatory and inhibitory Fig 50.32

  5. How do muscles contract?

  6. Excitatory neuro-transmitters released by motor neurons cause muscle cells to contract Fig 50.29

  7. Fig 50.25 Muscle cells are comprised of series of sarcomeres.

  8. Fig 50.25 Each sarcomere is a repeating unit of actin and myosin proteins

  9. Fig 50.25 As each sarcomere contracts, the muscle cell contracts

  10. Neuro-transmitters released at nerve/ muscle junction cause calcium to be released in muscle Fig 50.29

  11. Fig 50.28 A third protein, tropomyosin controls when the muscle contracts

  12. Fig 50.27 ATP provides the energy for myosin movement along the actin

  13. The contraction of muscle cells causes the muscle to contract

  14. Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens esophagus stomach

  15. Pathogen: a disease causing agent

  16. E. coli Phage virus Ebola Fungus from soil various pathogens

  17. Specific: B-cells -> antibodies T-cells The Immune System • Non-specific: • barriers Fig 43.2

  18. Non-Specific Immune System Barriers: Skin- Dry Inhospitable Competition Secretions (lysozyme) Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens Fig 43.2

  19. Skin protects us from most pathogens

  20. Fig 43.2

  21. Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles Stomach acid kills pathogens esophagus stomach

  22. Non-Specific Immune System Barriers: Skin- Dry Inhospitable Competition Secretions (lysozyme) Hairs and Mucus (protect openings) Traps particles, swallowed Stomach acid kills pathogens Fig 43.2

  23. Specific: B-cells -> antibodies T-cells The Immune System • Non-specific: • barriers Fig 43.2

  24. The Specific Immune System

  25. B-cells and T-cells move through the circulatory system scanning for pathogens

  26. B-cells develop in bone marrow T-cells in the thymus

  27. B-cells make and secrete antibodies Fig 43.14

  28. Variable region An Antibody Constant region Fig 43.10

  29. Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens Fig 43.10

  30. B-cells male antibodies that bind to antigens marking them for destruction Marked for destruction by WBC Fig 43.19

  31. Each B-cell/antibody recognizes a specific antigen Fig43.14

  32. B-cell DNA rearranges to make a unique and random gene Fig43.13

  33. SpecificImmuneSystem Overview Fig43.16

  34. Exam #3 W 4/7 in class Review T 4/6 at 6-8pm in SZB 104

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