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Ralph W. Emerson

Ralph W. Emerson. ---The Great Man and His Works. Chronology. 1803 Born in Boston 1811 His father died 1812 Entered Boston Public Latin School 1817-1821 Studied in Harvard University 1825 Studied Theology. Chronology 2. 1826 Began to preach

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Ralph W. Emerson

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  1. Ralph W. Emerson ---The Great Man and His Works

  2. Chronology • 1803 Born in Boston • 1811 His father died • 1812 Entered Boston Public Latin School • 1817-1821 Studied in Harvard University • 1825 Studied Theology

  3. Chronology 2 • 1826 Began to preach • 1829 Ordained as junior pastor of 1829 Boston’s Second hurch • 1829 Married with Ellen Tucker • 1835 Remarried with Lydia Jackson • 1836 Published his 1st book “Nature” • 1882 He died

  4. Main Idea of “Each and All” • Composition was more important than beauty of individual forms to Effect

  5. Nature • It was published anonymously in 1836. • Was later recognized as a major document in American Transcendentalism. • Emphasized individualism and rejected traditional authority. • Believed that people should try to live a simple life in harmony with nature and with others.

  6. Nature • The death of Emerson’s first wife soured his faith and resigned from the church and emerged as the leader of the Transcendental movement. • Transcendentalism stressed a life style of a personal nature over rational or dogmatic, which favored trusting one’s instincts over the guidance of authority.

  7. Nature 2 • Introduction • Nature • Language • Discipline • Spirit • Prospects

  8. The American ScholarRalph Waldo Emerson

  9. Background • Transcendentalism Emerson, “We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds.’’ [p.537-8] • An oration delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge, on August 31, 1837

  10. Main Structure • By nature • By books • By action • Duties

  11. Beliefs (1) • Intellectual and philosophical independence of America from Europe “…new lights, new events and more days have thrown on his character, his duties and his hopes.’’ [525] • Man Thinking  Not“…a mere think, or, still worse, the parrot of other men’s thinking.’’ [526]

  12. Beliefs (2) • Understanding nature  “The scholar must needs stand wistful and admiring before this great spectacle. He must settle its value in mind.’’ [526]  “Classification begins…it finds how to join two things, and see in them one nature…discovering roots running under ground.” [527]

  13. Beliefs (3) • Being a divine man • “Books are written on it by thinkers, not by Man Thinking…” [528] • “But genius always looks forward…To create, - to create , - is the proof of a divine presence.” [528]

  14. Beliefs (4) • Self-Reliance/self-trust • the ideal of individualism • “In self-trust, all the virtues are comprehended. Free should the scholar be, -- free and brave.” [533]

  15. Beliefs (5) Self-Reliance  “He is one who raises himself from private considerations, and breathes and lives on public and illustrious thoughts. He is the world’s eyes. He is the world’s heart.” [533]

  16. Works Cited • Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "The American Scholar" [1837]http://www.philjohn.com/papers/pjkd_ga05.html • Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "The American Scholar" http://www.geocities.com/fidelio1st/literature/theamericanscholar.htm • American Transcendentalism http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/amtrans.htm

  17. To a Waterfowl by William Cullen Bryant

  18. Chronology1794-1878 • 1794-Born in Cummington, Massachusetts • 1813-1814-The first and shorter version of Thanatopsis • 1821-The first published volume, Poems. • 1825-He became the coeditor of New York Review, a literary periodical. • 1826-an editor for New York Evening Post. • 1829- He was editor in chief of the Post and later part owner.

  19. Chronology 2 • 1850-Letter of aTraveler. • 1859-Letter of a Traveler, Series II. • 1869-Letter from the East. • 1870-1871-Translation work of Homer Iliad and Odyssey. • 1878-Died. He fell down after giving a speech at the unveiling of a statue of the Italian patriot Joseph Mozzini in Central Park.

  20. To a Waterfowl • Setting • Metaphor • Symbolism • What is the poet view? • The connection between waterfowl and poet

  21. End

  22. References • “Search View- Bryant, William Cullen” http://encarta.msn.com/text_761566052__1/William_Cullen_Bryant.html • “Strangers to Us All- Lawyers and Poetry”http://www.wvu.edu/~lawfac/jelkins/lp-2001/bryant.html • “To a Waterfowl by William Cullen Bryant” http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/webtexts/Bryant/waterfowl.html

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