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Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic

Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic. 9.3: The Jefferson Presidency. A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism. Believed all had the opportunity to succeed in America Population growth; no problem = keep moving west! Expansion not all good: a. Too much moving b. Environmental damage

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Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic

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  1. Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic

  2. 9.3: The Jefferson Presidency

  3. A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism Believed all had the opportunity to succeed in America Population growth; no problem = keep moving west! Expansion not all good: a. Too much moving b. Environmental damage c. Increased slavery d. Harm to natives

  4. B. Jefferson’s Gov’t 1. Small, small, small • Military, debt and internal taxes all reduced or eliminated • States held the power • Capital considered insignificant due to power of the states

  5. C. An Independent Judiciary • Adam and the appointment of “midnight judges” • Marbury vs. Madison • Judicial review – only supreme ct. determines if laws are constitutional • LTC/Impact? true checks and balances of the three branches

  6. D. The Louisiana Purchase (1803) • By 1800, in Napoleon's control • What was he going to do with it? • Supply Haiti • TJ’s concern? • Access to Mississippi River and Port Orleans • LTC/Impact of purchase a. US doubles in size – peacefully b. Expansion = liberty = increased enslavement c. Trouble w/natives

  7. E. Incorporating Louisiana • All are “American” • French civil law enacted a. Communal ownerships b. Forced inheritance c. Strict regulated contracts • 1812 joins union

  8. 9.4: Renewed Imperial Rivalry in North America

  9. A. Problem with Neutral Rights 1. GB does not acknowledge neutrality of US • Seizes US ships • Seizes “Brits” w/naturalization papers… • Impressment • Open fires on US ship

  10. B. The Embargo Act (1807) • American ships cannot sail to any foreign ports • Goal: “Peaceable Coercion” • Recognize US neutrality by GB • deprive GB and Fr from raw materials • Backfires a. Exports drop by 80% b. Economic depression c. Increased smuggling • Repealed in 1809

  11. C. A Contradictory Indian Policy • Intercourse Act ineffective • TJ’s “civilized” natives? 3. Adapt, leave, or be killed

  12. Indian Resistance • Tecumseh • United tribes into political confederations • Battle of Tippecanoe • Tecumseh attack US and fail • Gov. Harrison (NW territory) defeat Tecumseh • Tecumseh helped by GB = in part, war of 1812

  13. 9.5: The War of 1812 “Second war of Independence”

  14. A. The War Hawks • S. and W. congressmen who wanted war w/GB • North and middle states did not = sectionalism • US military small thanks to TJ • GB uses blockade effectively • D.C. burned to the ground • Francis Scott Key = Star-spangled Banner

  15. B. Campaign Against Northern and Southern Indians • Canadians defeat Americans a. NE states did not agree w/war; did not help b. Tecumseh and Indian confederation help GB 2. Battle of New Orleans • Led by Andrew Jackson • “Battle that saved the Union” • National unity increases • ?

  16. C. The Hartford Convention • Meeting to discuss nullification due to war grievances; NE states • War over before delegates reached Congress

  17. D. Treaty of Ghent, Belgium (1814) • GB leaves western posts • Impressment and neutrality rights never addressed! • US moral increased • “We won, we won!” (BNO) • “We are not your colony any longer!” • Divisive in Congress; unnecessary war • Biggest losers…

  18. 9.6: Defining the Boundaries

  19. Why Population doubles by 1820 Needed farmlands Accessibility due to new lands Decrease in price Land Act 1820 a. $1.25 per acre 80 acre lots Cash only! Who benefits? Lateral moves A. Moving West – Again!

  20. B. Election of 1816 & Era of Good Feelings

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