Evolution of the Presidency

1. Evolution of the Presidency Some extra explanation 

2. Evolution Precedents • Advise and Consent – becomes consent by precedent • Veto power – Evolves from “unconstitutional” to “bad policy” to “pocket veto” • Appointment Power Does dismissal require consent? From spoils system to civil service

4. Expansion of Veto Power

5. Recent Expansion

6. Early Expansion Prez • Washington Civilian control – Refusal to join coup attempt Federal supremacy – Control over state militias Limited power – Two terms • Jackson Federal supremacy – Rejection of nullification Spoils system – Open partisanship • Lincoln Emergency powers – Suspension of habeas corpus Federal supremacy – War to prevent secession

7. Modern Presidents Justifications Expanded power needed in modern world. Modernization = administrative expansion. Expand bureaucracy as needed Increased global complexity = national security state