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Explore the evolution of the U.S. Presidency from historical precedents to modern administrations, tracing the development of veto power, appointment authority, and expanded executive functions. From Washington's civilian control and limited terms to Jackson's rejection of nullification and Lincoln's emergency powers, witness how the office has adapted over time. Discover recent expansions of executive power, driven by the need for administrative efficiency and national security concerns in a complex global landscape.
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Evolution of the Presidency Some extra explanation
Evolution Precedents • Advise and Consent – becomes consent by precedent • Veto power – Evolves from “unconstitutional” to “bad policy” to “pocket veto” • Appointment Power Does dismissal require consent? From spoils system to civil service
Early Expansion Prez • Washington Civilian control – Refusal to join coup attempt Federal supremacy – Control over state militias Limited power – Two terms • Jackson Federal supremacy – Rejection of nullification Spoils system – Open partisanship • Lincoln Emergency powers – Suspension of habeas corpus Federal supremacy – War to prevent secession
Modern Presidents Justifications Expanded power needed in modern world. Modernization = administrative expansion. Expand bureaucracy as needed Increased global complexity = national security state
