LEAP2 - Chapter 9

1. LEAP2 - Chapter 9 Conservation Options for Manure Applications / Site Conditions Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

2. The Goal Manure application to get nutrients into the soil to be used for crops and keep manure and nutrients out of the water. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

3. Site Application Challenges Frozen and Snow Cover Soil Concern: • High risk of runoff Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

4. Site Application Challenges Wet or Flooded Fields Application Concerns: • High Risk of Runoff • Soil Compaction Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

5. Site Application Challenges Land Slope Slopes Concerns: • High risk of runoff • High risk of erosion Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

6. Site Application Challenges Poor Ground / Surface Cover Concerns: • Risk of high runoff • Risk of erosion Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

7. Site Application Challenges Setbacks from Sensitive Areas • Streams / Ditches • Ponds • Concentrated Flow • Roads • Wells • Homes, etc. Concerns: • Runoff to Sensitive Areas Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

8. The Common Concern... High risk of runoff to: • Streams / Ditches • Ponds / Lakes • Groundwater • Concentrated Flow Areas • Roads • Wells • Homes, etc. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

9. Strategies to Combat Runoff... Conservation Options Include… • Incorporating Manure • More surface / ground cover • Setbacks • Timing of Applications • Application Rates Combinations of the Above Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

10. Incorporating Manure Gets all or most of the manure below the soil surface. • Minimizes exposure to runoff. • Minimizes odor. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

11. More Ground / Surface Cover... • Reduces water runoff potential • Reduces erosion potential Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

12. Setbacks... Setback Options…. Provides a “buffer” or “filter” area between application and sensitive area. • Provides time and distance for infiltration, adsorption, and absorption. • Minimizes risk of manure/nutrient runoff to sensitive areas. Setback 33 - 100+ ft. Buffer/Filter 33 - 100+ ft. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

13. Timing & Rates of Application... • Lower Rates - Allows more opportunity for soil to absorb and lowers risk of runoff. • Timing of Application… • Avoiding wet or saturated soils • Avoiding frozen / snow covered soils • When soils are cool (nitrogen stabilization) • Better soil surface cover • Avoiding overly dry soils Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

14. Special Consideration Areas Frozen & Snow Covered Soils Slopes > 15% Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

15. Steep Slopes • Cropland over 15% or pasture/hayland over 20% • No manure to be applied unless one of the following is followed: • Immediate incorporation or injection with operations done on the contour, unless the field has 80% ground cover • Applied during period of lower run-off and/or rainfall (late May to mid-October) Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

16. Steep Slopes • Use low rates through split applications (separated by rainfall events). • Apply no more than 10 wet tons/acre for solid or 5,000 gallons/acre for liquid. • Field is established and managed in contour strips with alternate strips in grass or legume. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

17. Frozen/Snow Covered Ground • Application rates: • 10 wet tons/acre for solid manure more than 50% moisture • 5 wet tons for manure less than 50% moisture. • For liquid manure the application rate is limited to 5,000 gallons/acre. • Apply to ground with at least 90% surface residue cover. • Applications limited 20 contiguous acres. Contiguous acres for application are to be separated by a break of at least 200 feet. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

18. Frozen/Snow Covered Ground • Utilize areas furthest from streams, ditches, waterways, surface water, etc. (areas that present the least run-off potential and are furthest from surface water.) • Increase the application setback distance to 200 feet “minimum” from all grassed waterways, surface drainage ditches, streams, surface inlets, water bodies. • This distance may need to be further increased due to local conditions. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

19. Frozen/Snow Covered Ground • Rate of application shall not exceed the rates specified in Table 4 of USDA-NRCS standards for waste utilization, code 633 (June 2003 version) – determining the most limiting manure application rates for winter application. • Additional criteria for fields with significant slopes with more than 6% (fields exceeding 6% are to be identified in the CNMP). • Manure shall be applied in alternating strips 60 to 200 feet wide generally on the contour, or in the case of contour strips on the alternating strips. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

20. Frozen/Snow Covered Ground • To avoid: • (1) Have adequate manure storage capacity (six months minimum) • (2) If storage is at least half full on September 1, needs to be applied before the onset of winter weather conditions. • Is unused storage available to get thru the winter months? Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

21. Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

22. Summary: Strategies/Conservation Options To reduce manure and nutrient runoff: -- Incorporate or inject manure • More surface/ground cover • Setbacks • Timing of Applications • Application Rates Combinations of the Above Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2

23. Summary - Manure Application Options... • Goal - Manure application to get nutrients into the soil to be used for crops and keep manure and nutrients out of the water. • Employ treatments that reduce runoff potential • Observe minimum setbacks and buffers Ohio Livestock Environmental Assurance Program - Level 2