Moisture Vocabulary Review

1. Moisture Vocabulary Review

2. Which of the following is formed only during a winter storm? • Sleet • Hail • Freezing rain Note if you think there is more than one correct answer, enter it that way.

3. Sleet & Freezing Rain • Hail forms during thunderstorms and typically, the temperature at the surface of earth is above freezing when this happens. • Sleet and freezing rain both require the temperature at the surface of earth to be below freezing.

4. Sleet vs. Freezing Rain Since the cold layer of air near the surface is larger, the falling drops refreeze into ice pellets before they hit the ground. That’s sleet. Since the cold layer of air near the surface is smaller, the falling drops do not have enough time to refreeze so the hit the ground as liquid and then freeze as a layer of ice on the surface. That’s freezing rain.

5. What is the name for the process when water goes from a liquid to a gas? • Condensation • Evaporation • Sublimation • Deposition • Freezing • Melting

6. Evaporation

7. What is the name for the process when water goes from a solid to a gas? • Condensation • Evaporation • Sublimation • Deposition • Freezing • Melting

8. Sublimation

9. What is the name for the process when water goes from a gas to a solid? • Condensation • Evaporation • Sublimation • Deposition • Freezing • Melting

10. Deposition

11. What is the name for the process when water goes from a gas to a liquid? • Condensation • Evaporation • Sublimation • Deposition • Freezing • Melting

12. Condensation

13. What is the primary reason that water on the surface of Earth would go from a solid to a liquid? • An increase in atmospheric pressure • A decrease in atmospheric pressure • An increase in random kinetic energy • A decrease in random kinetic energy

14. WHY DOES WATER BEHAVE THIS WAY? • It is explained by its chemical structure: H2O

15. Which of the following is true about the water molecule? • The H side is + and the O side is – • The O side is + and the H side is – • The water molecule does not have a charge.

16. Which of the following is true about the water molecule? • The H side is + and the O side is – • The O side is + and the H side is – • The water molecule does not have a charge.

17. Water is a Polar Molecule Since the electrons tend to be located near the oxygen end of the molecule it makes the molecule have an opposite charge on each side. • http://www.vrmedialab.dk/pr/img/projekter/stud/chemistry1.jpg • Oxygen end is negative • Hydrogen end is positive

18. What’s the big deal about the water molecule being polar? • It is the dominant factor regarding phase changes of water. Two water molecules placed near each other will tend to attract (positive end to negative end) forming what we call a HYDROGEN BOND Check out this link.

19. How does the # of hydrogen bonds affect the phase of water? • What phase do you think this is showing? 1) Gas 2) Liquid 3) Solid

20. How does the # of hydrogen bonds affect the phase of water? • What phase do you think this is showing? 1) Gas 2) Liquid 3) Solid

21. How does the # of hydrogen bonds affect the phase of water? • Therefore, this is what liquid water looks like—Some hydrogen bonds between molecules—but not a rigid structure.

22. How can you make ice turn into water vapor? • Remove energy so that covalent bonds form • Remove energy so that hydrogen bonds form • Add energy so that covalent bonds break • Add energy so that hydrogen bonds break

23. How can you make ice turn into water vapor? Heat it up  Molecules move faster  Break their hydrogen bonds.

24. Suppose we kept evaporating the water from the ice. Would there be a limit to the amount of water vapor that can go into the air? • YES • NO

25. What is the term for this limit? (i.e. the maximum amount of water vapor that can possibly be in the air)? • Dew Point • Specific Humidity • Capacity • Relative Humidity

26. Capacity

27. Why does air have a capacity for water vapor? • As more water evaporates, the number of water vapor molecules in air increases.

28. Why does air have a capacity for water vapor? • As more water evaporates, the number of water vapor molecules in air increases.

29. Why does air have a capacity for water vapor? • As more water evaporates, the number of water vapor molecules in air increases.

30. With more water vapor molecules in air, the probability that two water vapor molecules collide and re-form hydrogen bonds increases. This slows the rate of evaporation until it is in balance with the rate of condensation.

31. Does Air Have a Constant Capacity? • YES • NO

32. What is the main factor that affects air’s capacity? 1) Latitude on Earth 2) Air Temperature 3) Atmospheric pressure 4) Altitude

33. WHY does temperature affect air’s capacity? 1) Warm air is less dense thus you can fit more H20 in it. 2) Warm air has more energy to break hydrogen bonds. 3) Cooler air gives more cold to water vapor molecules causing them to change.

34. WHY does temperature affect air’s capacity? 1) Warm air is less dense thus you can fit more H20 in it. 2) Warm air has more energy to break hydrogen bonds. 3) Cooler air gives more cold to water vapor molecules causing them to change.

35. When the rate of evaporation is balanced by the rate of condensation, what can be said about the air? • The air temperature = the dew point • The air is saturated • The relative humidity is 100% • All of the above • None of the above

36. When the rate of evaporation is balanced by the rate of condensation, what can be said about the air? • The air temperature = the dew point • The air is saturated • The relative humidity is 100% • All of the above • None of the above

37. This is the definition for which vocabulary term? The temperature at which condensation occurs. 1) Capacity 2) Relative Humidity 3) Specific Humidity 4) Dew Point

38. This is the definition for which vocabulary term? The temperature at which condensation occurs. 1) Capacity 2) Relative Humidity 3) Specific Humidity 4) Dew Point

39. This is the definition for which vocabulary term? The actual amount of water vapor that is in air (given in g/kg). 1) Capacity 2) Relative Humidity 3) Specific Humidity 4) Dew Point

40. This is the definition for which vocabulary term? The actual amount of water vapor that is in air (given in g/kg). 1) Capacity 2) Relative Humidity 3) Specific Humidity 4) Dew Point

41. Terms you need to understand: Specific Humidity—Actual amount of water vapor that is in air (given in g/kg). Capacity—The maximum possible amount of water vapor that can be in air of a given temperature. Relative Humidity = SH / Capacity X 100 Dew Point—Temperature at which condensation occurs.

42. How are relative and specific humidity different? • Air with the same specific humidity at different temperatures has a different relative humidity.