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genetic control genes  proteins  control structure + function of cell

genetic control genes  proteins  control structure + function of cell discuss lactose metabolism by the bacteria E. coli E. Coli normally uses glucose as a respiratory substrate lactose can be used if no glucose is available

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genetic control genes  proteins  control structure + function of cell

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  1. genetic control • genes  proteins  control structure + function of cell • discuss lactose metabolism by the bacteria E. coli • E. Coli normally uses glucose as a respiratory substrate • lactose can be used if no glucose is available • the enzyme ß-galactosidase is made to break down lactose • lactose  glucose and galactose • ß-galactosidase only made when lactose present • E. coli regulate when genes switched on and off

  2. name and state the function of the genes that produce ß-galactosidase structural gene codes for the protein operator gene switches the structural gene on regulator gene codes for the repressor molecule – switches the operator gene off

  3. identify the stages in the Jacob-Monod hypothesis of gene action in bacteria • lactose absent • regulator gene ON • repressor molecule produced • binds to operator gene • operator gene OFF • structural gene OFF • NO ß-galactosidase produced

  4. lactose present • regulator gene ON • repressor molecule produced • lactose binds to repressor molecule • repressor not bound to operator gene • operator gene ON • structural gene ON • ß-galactosidase produced • lactose acts as an inducer • state the advantage of genetic control • some proteins only needed occasionally • switching off production does not waste energy and resources

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