旅游英语

1. 旅游英语 电子教案 Unit 11

2. Agenda Unit 11 The Famous Scenic Spots in Chinese Cities Part 1 Listening and Speaking Activities Part 2 Reading Passage

3. Part 1 Listening and Speaking Activities • Lead-in • Listening Practice: Listen and fill in the • blanks

4. Lead-in Which city have you ever been to? Brainstorming

5. Listen and fill in the blanks. Listening Practice • Pudong New Area is ___________ of Shanghai. It is ______ on the ______ side of Huangpu River, which ____ through the city. Pudong has a land area of _______ square kilometers and a ________ population of ____ million. In the past, due to the lack of ______ and tunnels across the river, Pudong lagged far behind the old ________ of Shanghsi in terms of economic ______, though it lies just ________ the latter. part of the city located eastern cuts 533.44 permanent 1.63 bridges downtown growth opposite

6. Part 2 Reading Passage The Famous Scenic Spots in Chinese Cities

7. 1. Beijing • Beijing is the capital city and political, commercial and cultural center of China. Beijing covers an area of 16,808 square kilometers. Hilly regions occupy 62 percent of its total area. • Beijing has a history of over 3,000 years and has been the capital of five dynasties. It is one of China's six ancient capitals (the others are Xi'an, Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Hangzhou). • Today Beijing is under direct administration of the Chinese Central Government. It is divided into 18 districts and counties. In 1998, the population was 10.77 million. • The Chinese scholar tree and the oriental arborvitae, the Chinese rose and chrysanthemum became the city's representative trees and flowers on March 12, 1987. • The four seasons are distinctive in Beijing. The capital has dry and windy springs, hot and humid summers, mild and clear autumns and cold and long winters.

8. Temple of Heaven (Tiantan) • The unique architectural features of the Temple of Heaven delight numerologists, necromancers and the superstitious-not to mention acoustic engineers and carpenters. Shape, color and sound take on symbolic significance. The temples, seen in aerial perspective, are round, and the bases are square, deriving from the ancient Chinese belief that Heaven is round, and the earth is square. Thus the north end of the park is semicircular and the south end is square. • The Summer Palace (Yiheyuan- Garden of Harmonious Unity) • The largest and best-preserved imperial Chinese gardens situated in the northwest of Beijing. The grounds are demarcated by Longevity Hill to the north and Kunming Lake to the south. The lake occupies three-quarters of the entire park. Longevity Hill is the focal point of the Summer Palace. The panoramic view from the Hill is well worth the climb. You can see the 17-Arch Bridge, the Jade Belt Bridge, and a lovely stone pagoda on a distant hill. The glazed golden tiles of the palace roofs have inspired many traditional Chinese landscape paintings.

9. Tiananmen • There are two parts for sightseeing: one is Tian’anmen Square, including architectures in the square and around the square; the other is Tian’anmen Gate and Tian’anmen Rostrum. • The Great Wall • Snaking acrobatically across the precipitous and undulating mountains of north China, the Great Wall is a colossal defensive construction bequeathed through ages. Its fame reaches world-wide and tops all famous tourist attractions in China. Almost all visitors would be tremendously amazed by its awe-inspiring majesty. It goes without saying, however, that a trek up of the wall is a most exhilarating and challenging experience. Its beauty is caught in glimpses through the mountains and clouds, and its human cost is experienced through climbing it step by step. Due to its long-standing history and arduous working conditions, the Great Wall is regarded as one of the Seven World Wonders. It was officially listed as a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO in January, 1988.

10. The Forbidden City • Forbidden City , The Gugong, or Imperial Palace, is much better known by its unofficial title, the Forbidden City, a reference to its exclusivity. Indeed, for the five centuries of its operation, through the reigns of 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties, ordinary Chinese were forbidden from even approaching the walls of the palace. • Located in the center of Beijing, the former Imperial Palace, also known as the Purple Forbidden City, was the royal palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the largest and most well-preserved complex of palaces in China, as well as the largest group of palaces in the world. • Peking Duck • Peking duck is very delicious, so it attracts both domestic and foreign visitors.

11. Shanghai • The Bund has long been considered the symbol of Shanghai .It has taken on a new look after renovation in the 1990s. The Bund gathers the architectural styles of the world. Facing the Bund across the Huangpu River stands the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, one of the landmarks of Shanghai. • Yuyuan garden, an ancient garden dating back to 440 years. Built in 1559, or the 38th year of the Ming Emperor Jiajing’s reign, Yuyuan is the most celebrated classical Chinese garden in Shanghai. It is characterized by an exquisite layout, beautiful scenery and artistic architecture. There are more than 40 scenic spots scattered throughout this garden. The wandering Five-Dragon-Wall subdivides the garden into six regions.

12. 3. Wuhan • Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, is the largest city in Central China, with a population of over 7 million and an area of 8,467 square kilometers. It lies at the confluence of the Yangtze and Han rivers and is comprised of three towns--Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang--that face each other across the rivers and are linked by two bridges. A major junction of traffic and communication, it is the center of economy, culture and politics in Central China and is proud of metallurgy, automobiles, machinery and high-tech industries. A core of national air, water and land transportation it offers great potential for further development and foreign investment. • Wuhan is rich in culture and history. Its civilization began about 3,500 years ago, and is of great importance in Chinese culture, military, economy and politics. It shares the same culture of Chu, formed since the ancient Kingdom of Chu more than 2,000 years ago.

13. Numerous natural and artificial attractions and scenic spots are scattered around. Famous scenic spots in Wuhan include Yellow Crane Tower, Guiyuan Temple, East Lake, and Hubei Provincial Museum with the famous chimes playing the music of different styles. • Someone says: “To see scenes is not better than to hear them.” For them the excuse is that your imagination is more beautiful than the scene actually when you see it; otherwise, another one may say: “To hear is not better than to see on earth.” The beauty of the scenes can be felt only after you have seen it actually. If you have arrived in Wuhan , It's not a bad idea that you both see and hear the Scenes of Wuhan, feel the beauty of them carefully.

14. The Yellow Crane Tower and the White Cloud Tower • High up on Snake Hill at the south bank of the Changjiang River stands the Yellow Crane Tower, Known as one of the “Three Famous Towers South of the Changjiang River” (the other two: Yueyang Tower in Hunan and Tengwang Tower in Jiangxi). The Yellow Crane Tower was first built in 223 A .D . and was destroyed and rebuilt time and again throughout history. The whole compound consists of the main tower, side pavilions, corridors, memorial archways, corridors of tablets with poem inscriptions and business streets of ancient style. The main tower, 51.4 meters in height, is of five stores, each with extended upturned eaves. At its back is the four-storied White Cloud Tower, 29.7 meters in height.

15. Guiyuan Temple • The temple is one of the four bigest temples for Buddhist meditation in Hubei , also an important Budhist temple for the country. It was first built in the 15th year of Shun Zhi in the Qing Dynasty(the year 1658). The name Guiyuan Buddhist chants: “With purity kept in mind, one has the thoroughfare everywhere.” All buildings were built over a period of more than 100 years. • Guiyuan Temple takes up an area of 46900sqm with a floor apace of 20000 sqm. There are more than 200 rooms within the temple compound and all round are luxuriant with green trees and bushes, harmonizing well with the majestic towers and temples. In the Arhat Hall are 500 arhat statues, full length constituting one of the main features of the temple.

16. Hubei Provincial Museum • Located on the west bank of the East Lake in Wuchang, the museum has a space of 2400 sqm for display. It has a collection of 200,000 pieces of historic relics, among which are such rare treasures as Zeng Holuyi Chime Bells, the Sword of Gou Jian (the King of the Yue Kingdom), and the Spear of Fu Chai (the King of the Wu Kingdom). • The Chime Bell Music Hall under construction, and exhibition hall for ancient musical instruments, is designed to be the biggest in scale and the most complete in variety and function in China. • The East Lake • Located in the east suburb of Wuchang, it is a major tourist attraction in China. Covering an area of 87 sqkm, including 33 sqkm of the lake surface, it is 6 times larger than West Lake in Hangzhou . With its bending lake banks and crisscrossing ponds and brooks, it is called a lake with 99 bends.

17. The East Lake is vast and meandering. It's surrounded by green mountains. The whole park is divided into six scenic areas: the Tingtao Scenic Area, the Moshan Scenic Area, the Luoyan Scenic Area, the Baima Scenic Area, the Luohong Scenic Area and the Chuidi Scenic Area. Main scenic spots are the Yuyan Garden, musical fountain, the Xingyin Pavilion, the Changtian Tower, the Jiunv Frusta, the Huguang Pavilion, Tian Shui Yi Se, Qu Ti Ling Bo and so on. People can take boats at any dock on the lakeside and get to the Moshan Zoo located at the other bank of the East Lake. • The East Lake possesses rich botanical resources. There is a large stretch of metasequoia forest. Many people come here to enjoy orchid in spring, water lily in summer, sweet osmanthus in autumn and plum blossom in winter • Traditional Food • They are many kinds of fast food in Wuhan, such as Chinese doughnuts, steamed meat buns, hot-and-dry noodles, steamed dumplings, wonton, soybean juice, spring rolls, and fried dough sticks.

18. Kunming • Kunming is the capital city of Yunnan province and it is often called the City of Spring in China, simply because the four seasons are as pleasant as spring there. • Kunming is the political, economic, communications and cultural center of Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government. It is also home to several universities, museums, galleries and other important economic, cultural, and educational institutions. The headquarters of many of Yunnan's large businesses are in Kunming as well. It was important during World War II as a Chinese military center, American air base, and transport terminus for the Burma Road. Located in the middle of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Kunming is located at an altitude of 1,900 m above sea level and at a latitude just north of the Tropic of Cancer. It covers an area of 21,501 km2 and its urban area covers 6,200 km2. Kunming has an estimated population of 5,740,000 including 3,055,000 in the urban area and is located at the northern edge of the large Lake Dian, surrounded by temples and lake-and-limestone hill landscapes.

19. Kunming consists of an old, previously walled city, a modern commercial district, residential and university areas. The city has an astronomical observatory, and its institutions of higher learning include Yunnan University, Yunnan Normal University and a medical college. On the outskirts is a famed bronze temple, dating from the Ming dynasty. Kunming was formerly called Yunnanfu (云南府; literally meaning "Yunnan Capital") until the 1920s. • It is the leading transportation hub (air, road, rail) in SW China, with a rail connection to Vietnam and road links to Burma and Laos. Kunming currently has a new international airport under development, which is slated to be the fourth largest international airport in China.

20. Situated in a fertile plain 640 km southwest of Chongqing, Kunming is an important trading center between the far west and central and south China. It is one of China's largest producers of copper. Copper is smelted with nearby hydroelectric power. Coal is mined, and the city has a few iron and steel complexes. Other manufactures include phosphorus, chemicals, machinery, textiles, paper, and cement. Although it was often the seat of kings in ancient times, Kunming's modern prosperity dates only from 1910, when the railroad from Hanoi was built. The city has continued to develop rapidly under China's modernization efforts. Kunming's streets have widened while office buildings and housing projects develop at a fast pace. Kunming has been designated a special tourism center and as such sports a proliferation of high-rises and luxury hotels.

21. Stone Forest • The Stone Forest lies about 80 miles to the southeast of Kunming. A geological phenomenon, the Stone Forest was a vast expanse of sea during the Paleozoic era--some 270 million years ago. Later, the movement of tectonic plates altered the earth's crust, causing the sea to recede and its limestone bottom to appear, thereby forming land.  Due to the constant seeping of  rain through the cracks in the limestone, some of the stone formation dissolved and the fissures broadened, producing a group of great sculptures of different shapes, all molded by nature. • In the midst of the forest, there is a huge rock screen on which two words--Stone Forest--are engraved in official script (in a calligraphic style typical of the Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 A.D.). Among the scenic sights is the "Sword Peak Pond" with jadeite-colored water so clear that one can see the bottom of the pond. Other astonishing sights include "Figure of Ashima," "Shi Ba Xiang Song" (its name originating in the Chinese love story, "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai"), and "Lotus Peak."

22. The splendor of the Stone Forest is enhanced by the local customs of the native Sani people (who are part of the Yi minority). Sani people are industrious and hospitable--and unconstrained. Sani women are expert at spinning, weaving, and embroidering. They like to wear rainbow-colored headgear and bright-colored dresses. The young people especially are very good singers and dancers. Every day at sunset, under the moonlight, boys and girls gather at the village platform. While the boys play the three-stringed plucked instruments, the girls clap their hands and dance the strong-rhythmed traditional "A'Xi (Ah-shi) Dance in the Moon" with great enthusiasm. If you happen to witness the event, you will be invited to join in the festivity. • Note that every lunar year, on June 24th, the Sani people celebrate their national festival--the Torch Festival. On that day, the entire Stone Forest is permeated with a celebratory atmosphere. There are traditional performances of wrestling and bull-fighting. Finally, when the land is enveloped in the curtain of night, the young men (holding torches in their hands) run after the young women to propose marriage in the light of colored lanterns.

23. Xishuangbanna • Xishuangbanna is the southernmost prefecture of Yunnan Province. The prefecture is nicknamed "Aerial Garden" for its luxuriant and multi-layered primitive woods and tropical rain forests, which are teeming with animals and plants.    • Renowned as a huge natural zoo, Xishuangbanna's rain forest and monsoon jungles provide a habitat for nearly 1000 species of animals. Within thick and boundless forests wild elephants and wild oxen ramble about, with peacocks in their pride, gibbons at play, and hornbills whispering. • Thirteen species of wild life enjoy state protection, including loris, the gibbons, the red-necked cranes, the brown-neck horn-bills, and the green peacocks, which to the Dai people are a symbol of peace, happiness and good fortune and whose graceful postures can put professional dancers to shame.

24. The region has 5,000 kinds of plants or about one-sixth of the total in China. This has earned it the renown and sobriquet "The moonstone on the Crown of the Kingdom of Plants". • Among these are such fascinating ones as the "color-changing flower" whose colors change three times daily and the "dancing herb" whose leaves rotate gently. Then there is "mysterious fruit" which reverse tastes, turning sour to sweet. • Species of trees that go back a million years are still propagating themselves. The "King of Tea Trees", which authorities say is at least 800 years old, continues to sprout, adding extraordinary splendor to the homeland of the famous Pu'er tea. In Xishuangbanna, there is a saying: "Even a single tree can make a forest and an old stalk can blossom and beat fruit."

25. Lake Dian  • Known also as Kunming lake, Lake Dian is located at the foot of the Western Hills south-west of Kunming city in Yunnan Province. Being a bright and smooth highland lake, it's reputed as "A Pearl on the Yungui Plateau". • The picturesque lake, dotted with sails, appears green and boundless and shining with ripples. Along its 150 kilometers long winding bank, lies numerous scenic spots and historical sites such as the Grand View Pavilion, West Garden, the Lake Embankment. • The Grand View Pavilion ---Located at the lake's northern bank, it was built in the 29th year of Kangxi Reign in the Qing Dynasty (1690 AD). It's an exquisite structure with upturned roof-corners and eaves. Looking to the south, one has a fascinating view of the spectacular Lake Dian, and the graceful and full shape of the distant "Sleeping Beauty Mountain" shrouded in white clouds.

26. The lake is surrounded by lush growth of trees and plants, with peony in full bloom in spring, and chrysanthemum blossoms found all over the place in autumn. The golden calligraphy of the Grand View Pavilion in bold Chinese characters sparkles brilliantly. • Western Hills Scenic Area --- Located at the west bank of the lake, it's a large forest park with hills and ridges rising one upon another, and covered with old tall trees. The park is endowed with dense natural forests, murmuring streams, luxuriantly green bamboos, and crisscross with ancient paths. Scenic spots and historical sites are over hill and dale. The area from Sanqing Tower to Longmen is a place of concentration of the most spectacular scenic spots and architecture, and therefore reputed as "No.1 Scenery in middle Yunnan". • Hill of Goddess of Mercy ---The temple of Goddess of Mercy perches on the Hill at the lake's west bank, with a beak-shaped portion of the hill extending into the lake water. The temple is confronted by perilous cliffs covered with lush woods. A seven-storey brick pagoda stands on the hill top which commands a bird's eye view of the Lake Dian, the mountain ranges along the Lake, the vast expanse of fertile land, and the smoke belching from the chimneys of fishermen's homes.

27. Lijiang • Lijiang is an old town in Yunnan which serves as the perfect getaway from the noisy cities to enjoy a quiet and peaceful time with the local minorities. The old town of Lijiang is like a maze of cobbled streets, old looking buildings, gushing canals and a bustling market scene, because of this, it is often regarded as the "Venice of the Orient". What makes the old town of Lijiang a beautiful one is the presence of the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain which lies in the northern direction. This mountain is a sacred sanctuary which has protected the ethnic minorities and its unique cultures since the ancient times. The architecture of the Lijiang Old Town is combination of the several cultures which has made the town what it is today. The Old Town of Lijiang is listed on UNESCO World Heritage Center. Other place of interest in Lijiang includes the Tiger Leaping Gorge, the Museum of the Naxi Dongba Culture and the Baisha village.

28. 5. Xinjiang • Urumqi • Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in an alluvial fan-shaped basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The city opens on to the Junggar Basin in the north. In the Mongolian language, Urumqi means "Beautiful Meadow."  • Hongshan • Hongshan Mountain is the highest spot in the center of the city. Hongshan's main peak is 1391 meters above sea level. With towering crags, the mountain was named after the cliffs, which gleam red in the sun's rays every morning and evening. The upper part of the mountain looks like the head of a tiger, so it is also called "Tiger Head Mountain." It faces Yamalike Mountain, less than 1,000 meters away. At the foot of the mountain is the Urumqi River, flowing from north to south. On the top of Hongshan Mountain is a statue of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) national hero Lin Zexu. Standing at the "Yuantiao (looking far into the distance) Tower" on the mountain, one can view the whole city.

29. Heaven Lake • Tianchi (Heaven Lake) Natural Landscape Reserve is located at the foot of 5,445-meter Bogda Peak, the highest mountain in the eastern part of the Tianshan range. It covers an area of 158 square kilometers, including the 71-square-kilometer Tianchi Scenic Area, within which are 20 major scenic spots. • Located in the north-central part of the scenic area, Tianchi Lake is 1,910 meters above sea level, 3.3 kilometers long and one kilometer wide on average. The lake stores 160 million cubic meters of water all the year round. Tianchi Lake freezes up in late October and thaws in early May. In the meantime, the lake's surface is covered with ice one meter thick. In summer, the temperature stays at around 20 ℃. It is a pleasant and comfortable place. Tianchi is not only a summer resort, but also a good alpine skating rink in winter. Coming from a glacier, the water of Tianchi Lake is pure and the ice surface is smooth. With a gentle breeze blowing most of the time, it is an ideal place for skating competitions.

30. No.1 Glacier • No.1 Glacier is the source of the Urumqi River, located 120 kilometers form Urumqi on Mount Tiangar. It is 3,800 meters to 4,000 meters above sea level, 2.4 kilometers long, averages 500 meters wide and covers an area of 19,500 square kilometers. Surrounding it are 76 large and small younger glaciers. • Turpan • Turpan is located in a depression with the area of more than 1000 square kilometers of the eastern part of Xinjiang and some 80 meters below the sea level. And nearby the Moon Lake, or Eding Lake in local language, the lowest water surface is 154 meters below the sea level, the second lowest continental point in the world after the Dead Sea. Turpan is called the Land of Fire, which was derived  from the intense summer temperature, the highest ever recorded was 47.5℃ and in summer the ground surface temperature is about 70℃. The Depression is characterized by high temperature and rare perspiration, so it is hot but it is not wet, during summer, although it is extremely hot, the streets are full of people.

31. The water from the surrounding mountains and underflow nourishes the depression. And the local people developed a unique irrigation system: "Karez", by which water is introduced to the agricultural oasis surrounded by desert. Turpan is famous for its grapes produce. Once in Turpan Depression, one has a feeling that as if he was in a land of grapes, The Grape Gauge, about 8 kilometers in length, is one with grapevines grown on the slopes of the both sides, and deep into the Gauge, there is a tourist resort, shaded by grapevines and from late June to early October, clusters of grapes hanging overhead and the mineral water flowing from under the rocks make the resort a great attraction. In fact, the city proper itself is one that is surrounded or covered by grapevines. Many streets themselves are vineyards or trellises with grapevines, together with the fruit stands the whole city is a mixture of the fruit orchard and market, since 1990, the Grape festival held in the city becomes a great attraction not only to business people, but people from all over the world.

32. In history, Turpan was the capital of ancient Gaochang Kingdom (from the sixth century) and later the administration residence of Xizhou. It was a very important juncture on the Silk Road through which the western cultures and Chinese culture encountered and crashed and exchanged. A great many historical sites and cultural relics have remained. And the city is known as a “natural museum of man and culture. • The major tour sites of the area of the Northern Part of South Xijiang centered by Turpan: the Flaming Mountains, the Moon Lake, Grape Gauge, Karez System, the Ruins of ancient City of Jiaohe, the ruins of ancient City of Gaochang, Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, Emin Minaret, Astan-Kharakhoja Tombs, Sand Dune Park, the Sand Plant Park.

33. Xi’an • Xi’an is a famous city of history and culture. It possesses a huge amount of archeological fantasies and grand buildings of ancient China. • Located in the north of Mount Lishan, Lintong County, xian, Shanxi Province are the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of Qin, and his buried terracotta soldiers. The building of the tomb started in 246 BC and lasted 39 years until 208 BC. It is the first imperial mausoleum of dimensions in Chinese history. Today the mound still stands 76 meters high. The layout of its grounds followed that of Xianyang, the capital of Qin, with inner and outer walls. The circumference of the inner wall is 2.5 kilometers, that of the outer wall is 6.3 kilometers. The mausoleum sits in the southwest of the inner city, facing east.

34. To the east of the mausoleum lies the terracotta army buried with Qin Shi Huang. Discovered in 1974, 8,000 life-size terracotta warriors and horses are strong and firm in appearance. The horses are highly realistic, the delineation natural and exquisite. They are arranged in military formation, demonstrating the power of Qin Shi Huang’s army. • The warriors carry real weapons. Over ten thousand weapons are unearthed from the three vaults. The chromized blade of one 90-cm-long bronze sword is free of rust after being buried for two thousand years. Chariots and horses, one fourth of the original sizes, are unearthed at the wings of the mausoleum and known as the “crown of bronzes”. They are a miracle in the history of metallurgy and a treasure of the Chinese people.

35. Hong Kong • Disneyland is really the happiest place on earth. The park is divided into five different lands: Main Street, Adventure land, Frontier land, Fantasy land and Tomorrow land. People often call it the “Magic Kingdom”. There are so many things to see in the park. • The most flourishing place of Hong Kong is also the location of its government, which has Luxurious commerce edifice and emporium everywhere. Hong Kong is called “The Heaven of shopping.” • The Hong Kong Island is the most thriving place of the whole of Hong Kong and is also the seat of the Hong Kong Government bodies.

36. On both sides of the streets, there are flourishing commercial towers and shopping centers, offices of the world famous financial bodies, shipping institutions and the headquarters of trade companies, and consulates of various countries and regions. The renowned Deep Water Bay and Repulse Bay are all located here, which are Hong Kong's mainly tourist area and residential quarters of the first class. • Hong Kong's communications are highly developed, with subway and ground railway, highway, undersea tunnels, motorway interchange, viaduct, ferry and airport like a piece of huge network knitting the whole city together. • Hong Kong is a city for tourism, which is known as a fine place for "visits, shopping and recreation".

37. The Chinese scholar tree • 国槐，槐树

38. oriental arborvitae • 侧柏

39. Chinese rose • 月季

40. the Jade Belt Bridge • 玉带桥 • 是颐和园里著名的建筑物之一。玉带桥在西堤六桥中是最令人喜爱的一座，也是西堤上唯一的高拱石桥，桥身用汉白玉和青白石砌成。玉带桥拱高而薄，形若玉带，弧形的线条十分流畅。半圆的桥洞与水中的倒影，构成一轮透明的圆月，洁白的桥栏望柱上，雕有各式向云中飞翔的仙鹤，雕工精细，形象生动，显示了雕刻工匠们的艺术才能。

41. side pavilions亭阁 • Corridors 轩廊 • memorial archways牌坊 • corridors of tablets with poem inscriptions诗碑廊

42. With purity kept in mind, one has the thoroughfare everywhere • “归元”二字出自佛经《楞严经》：“归元无二路，方便有多门”，意指万法归一，方便于人的门道多得很。“禅”是“思维”、“静虑”、“弃恶”等意，禅宗是佛教大乘教与儒学相结合的派别之一。

43. water lily • 睡莲，荷花

44. sweet osmanthus • 桂花

45. fried dough sticks • 油条 • Fried 油炸的 • Dough 生面团

46. Sword Peak Pond • 剑峰池

47. Figure of Ashima • 阿诗玛像 • 小石林有一个“阿诗玛”石，风风雨雨，她都在那里翘首以待，等待阿黑哥的到来。

48. Sani people • 撒尼人 • 是中华民族大家庭中的一员，是彝族的一个支系，早在公元2世纪，滇池一带是彝族先民活动的中心。大约在3世纪，逐渐扩展到了滇东北、滇南、贵州、广西一带，与其他民族杂居融合，形成了众多的支系，其中，居住在云南石林、丘北一带的彝族多为撤尼人。

49. The moonstone on the Crown of the Kingdom of Plants • 植物王国 • 西双版纳位于云南南部西双版纳傣族自治州境内，属北回归线以南的热带湿润区，本区热量丰富,终年温暖，四季常青。具有“常夏无冬,一雨成秋”的特点。又因距离海洋较近,受印度洋西南季风的控制和太平洋东南季风的影响,常年湿润多雨,所以森林繁茂密集,植物盛多.因此西双版纳被誉为“植物王国”。

50. the Museum of the Naxi Dongba Culture • 纳西东巴文化博物馆 　 • 丽江纳西东巴文化博物馆以东巴文化为特色，博物馆主体建筑形式为仿古纳西族四合院式，根据地形地貌，充分利用山水环境条件，形成以群体院落作为主体建筑带的古建筑群。 博物馆按纳西族民居的发展进行布局，利用玉泉水源和象山西麓的自然景观，由北向南开辟了古人类洞穴居、巢居、半穴居、帐篷居、干栏居以及木楞房、三坊一照壁、四台五天井等不同阶段的传统民居，并在其中展出反映各时期纳西族生产力水平的民俗文物资料。