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Introduction to Particle Physics (for non physics students) 4. UNIFIED UNIVERSE

Introduction to Particle Physics (for non physics students) 4. UNIFIED UNIVERSE (no strings attached). Feynman rules: If energy E flows through the transmitted “virtual” particle (photon; Z) it costs 1/(E^2+M^2). If E >> M the cost is 1/E^2….like the case of the photon.

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Introduction to Particle Physics (for non physics students) 4. UNIFIED UNIVERSE

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  1. Introduction to Particle Physics (for non physics students) 4. UNIFIED UNIVERSE (no strings attached)

  2. Feynman rules: If energy E flows through the transmitted “virtual” particle (photon; Z) it costs 1/(E^2+M^2) If E >> M the cost is 1/E^2….like the case of the photon Only appears weak at low energy. Unified at high energy

  3. WEAK STRONG

  4. WEAK STRONG •  why sun has • shone for 5 Byr… • Intelligent life developed

  5. The weak force is feeble in the Sun… The weak force is feeble in the Sun ..because 10,000,000K ~ 1 keV << 80 GeV …this is why the sun has stayed active long enough for us to have evolved and be having this conversation. • We exist because m(W) is not zero  Mass matters

  6. 3K microwave bgnd now seen to have structure COBE 2000 WMAP 2003

  7. 5byr ago accelerated expansion = Dark Energy. What? Why?......

  8. One further symmetry??

  9. Whole new families to be found

  10. Finale: A glimpse of the futurerecall from lecture 1….. The Universe in Temperature Energy and Time

  11. …and the nature of matter

  12. …and patterns (that change)

  13. Temperature and symmetry in the universe symmetry pattern

  14. The Idea (I will tell you when to be cautious about inhaling)

  15. patterns and structures when cold (low energy) Symmetry when warm (high energy)

  16. FORCES 1955-2005 Electromagnetic Weak Strong COLD WARM HOT ElectroWeak Strong (QCD) GrandUnified Force

  17. Standard Model of Quarks Leptons and forces = pattern based on mass “cold” =“low” energy = below 1 TeV

  18. Standard Model of Quarks Leptons and forces = pattern based on mass “cold” =“low” energy = below 1 TeV superSymmetry when “warm” (= high energy > 1TeV) Higgs Boson Supersymmetry Nature of Reality

  19. symmetry symmetry pattern pattern

  20. 5. symmetries can disappear or change

  21. We like symmetry and when its absent we want to know why ?

  22. Buridan’s Ass

  23. The problem of the symmetric dinner party

  24. symmetry Broken symmetry

  25. Why is this a peak and not a trough? Answer: random chance But given it’s a peak here it dictates where the other peaks are Broken symmetry

  26. CO2 patterns and structures when cold (low energy) H2O Symmetry when warm (high energy)

  27. As the universe cooled after the hot big bang….. We think that an elegant symmetry…….. … “froze” into structures …. And patterns Such as Atoms ……. Mendeleev’s periodic table, And particles …. Quarks, forces and the Standard Model … which is a pattern based on MASS 2008: heat up to energies above 1000 GeV = “1 TeV” and discover the origin of MASS (= Higgs?)

  28. Next year

  29. The Particle Odyssey The Particle Odyssey A Journey to the Heart of matter Frank Close, Michael Marten, Christine Sutton

  30. Coming out in December A Very Short Introduction NEW More in Vsi And particle odyssey

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