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Lipids

Lipids. 5.3. Lipids. Lipids include _______ and ___________ Characteristics: ________________ (____________________) Act as a _________________ that surrounds the _____________________________________ Help ______________________ from cell to cell

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Lipids

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  1. Lipids 5.3

  2. Lipids • Lipids include _______ and ___________ • Characteristics: • ________________ (____________________) • Act as a _________________ that surrounds the _____________________________________ • Help ______________________ from cell to cell • Store _______________________ in your body • Act as ______________________

  3. Fats • ________________ (3- carbon backbone) attached to __________________ that have hydrocarbon chains • ____________, _______________, _________________ • Saturated fat • Fat in which __________________________ contain the ___________ possible number of ____________________ • _______________________________________ • Ex. Lard and butter; _________ at room temperature • ________________  buildup leads to heart disease

  4. Fats • Unsaturated Fat • A fat that contains ____________________ number of ______________ atoms in ________________ of the fatty acid chains • Bonding is different • Some of the carbons are ______________ • Ex. Corn oil, olive oil, and other vegetable oils

  5. Fats Is this fat saturated or unsaturated???

  6. Steroids • A _________ that contains _________________ of the carbon skeleton • Ex: ___________________________________ • How are there different types of steroids if they all have the 4 fused rings? • ____________________________________________________________________

  7. Steroids

  8. Steroids • _______________________ • Type of steroid • Found in ___________________________ • Essential • Also needed as a _____________________ __________________________________ • Although it is needed, high levels in the blood can lead to _________________________

  9. Concept Check • What property do lipids share? • What are the parts of a fat molecule? • Describe two ways that steroids differ from fats. • What does the term unsaturated fat on a food label mean?

  10. Proteins 5.4

  11. Proteins • ______________Perform Most Functions in Cells • _________________________ • _________________________ • _____________________________________________ • _____________________________________________ • Proteins are ____________ made up of ________ types of _______________________________ • The whole point of making DNA is to make _______________ (hair, muscle, skin, etc) • _____________________________

  12. Proteins • Amino Acids • ____________________________________________________________________________ • 3 are the same in all amino acids: • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ • The only difference between amino acids is the _______________(_______________) • Each side group has a different function depending on the function of the amino acid • 20 types

  13. Proteins

  14. Proteins • Building a Protein • Proteins are made by _____________________ ____________ called ____________________ • Amino acids are linked together by ________________ through _____________________ reactions • _____________________ from between amino group of one amino acid and carboxyl group of the other amino acid • Most polypeptide chains are at least _______ amino acids in length • Lots of combinations of 20 amino acids to make many types of ______________ (like letters in alphabet form lots of different words)

  15. Proteins • Protein Shape • Need ___________ in order to _____________ properly • Think yarn vs. finished sweater • ___________________: protein loses shape due to temperature/pH/environment • “____________________” • Causes _____________________

  16. Concept Check • Give at least two examples of proteins you can "see" in the world around you. What are their functions? • Relate amino acids, polypeptides, and proteins. • Explain how heat can destroy a protein. • Which parts of an amino acid's structure are the same in all amino acids? Which part is unique?

  17. Enzymes 5.5

  18. Enzymes • _____________________: • ____________________________________________________________________________________ • Breaks bonds in molecule so that atoms can ____________ • ___________ is a common way to provide activation energy but could destroy cells • Therefore, _____________are used: • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • The main catalysts in organisms are called ___________ • Enzymes don’t supply activation energy to reacting molecules. • They ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________

  19. Enzymes

  20. Enzymes • How Enzymes Work: • _____________________________ • Molecule that enzyme works on is called a _________________ • Substrate fits like a “________” into the enzyme (“___________”) • Area where substrate binds is called the _________________ • The bonds in the ______________ are ____________, and a reaction occurs  new products

  21. Enzymes

  22. Enzymes

  23. Concept Check • Explain the role of activation energy in a reaction. How does an enzyme affect activation energy? • Describe how a substrate interacts with an enzyme.

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