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Radical Changes For Our Future: In and Outside the OR

2 nd Annual Ellison Pierce Symposium Positioning Your ORs For The Future. Radical Changes For Our Future: In and Outside the OR. Keith P. Lewis, RPh, MD Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology. Boston University School of Medicine May 20, 2006. 12:00-12:30pm.

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Radical Changes For Our Future: In and Outside the OR

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  1. 2nd Annual Ellison Pierce Symposium Positioning Your ORs For The Future Radical Changes For Our Future: In and Outside the OR Keith P. Lewis, RPh, MD Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology Boston University School of Medicine May 20, 2006 12:00-12:30pm

  2. What Upcoming Changes Will Have A Major Impact on the Way We Practice?

  3. The Arrival of Rapid Neuromuscular Reversal • Sugammadex – Org 25969 (GC derivative) • Selective relaxant binding agent • Rapid reversal of rocuronium/vecuronium • Dose dependant reversal of moderate/deep blockade • Safe reversal in less than 2 minutes!

  4. Why is Sugammadex So Different? • No muscle tone to full muscle tone in 2 min • Encapsulate rather than antagonize • Relative absence of side effects • Implications for the difficult airway • Reversal of a “mistake” • “Basically its like putting an eraser on your pencil”* *Dr. Groudine, Albany

  5. Org 25969 (Sugammadex) Coming to a Theater Near You: 1 Year

  6. Major Changes in Surgery • 70% of all surgical cases are now ambulatory • 31.5 million cases/year in 2700 centers • Shift to → more complex surgery, more office-based and minimally invasive • Providing extended analgesia has limited the growth after painful procedures • New SAFE (Short Acting Fast Emergence) agents readily available

  7. Continuous Post-op Infusions in the Outpatient Setting • Pain control is often the reason for admission after ambulatory procedures • Shift from neuroaxial to peripheral nerve blocks due to Black Box Warning (1997) of spinal hematoma and LMWH • Self-administering local anesthetics via wound and perineural catheters (1998) • Equipment for successful continuous peripheral nerve blocks now available

  8. The Application of Continuous Regional Anesthesia (CRA) • Femoral nerve or psoas compartment block for ACL • Continuous interscalene brachial plexus for shoulders • Patient-controlled interscalene brachial plexus block with improved PT, ↓ opioid, ↑patient satisfaction (Borgeat et al. Ay 1997;87:1343-71) • Continuous sciatic nerve block for foot/ankle procedures • Continuous wound perfusion: iliac bone crest harvesting

  9. This All Creates the Need for a Multidisciplinary Team • Shift of in-patient services to outpatient setting • Traditionally the surgeon takes control • Active role of anesthesiologist • Resources from third party payors

  10. Safety Concerns • Discharge with an insensate extremity • Risk of bodily injury • 2382 long acting PNB’s with ropivicaine -one patient fell going to car (0.2%) • Catheter migration/dislodgement • 24/7/365

  11. New and Better Old Drugs Better • Liposomes: sealed sacs in the micron range that contain water soluble drugs that can be slowly dispersed • Postoperative analgesia for up to 4 days • Microspheres 10-150 microns with duration of 10 hours to 5.5 days • Dexamethasone increases duration of block in sheep up to 16 days

  12. Where is Surgery Going? Open Surgery Laparoscopic Surgery Robotic Camera Operation Robotic Surgery Telerobotic Surgery Miniature Robots

  13. Increasing Usage of Robotic Surgery • Radical retropubic prostatectomy • Cardiac surgery (valve, IMA) • Uterine fibroids • Esophageal resection • Thoracic surgery • Bariatric procedures

  14. Smaller, Less Expensive Technologies • Light weight system: 250,000 • Table mounted, modular and compact, 2-0 • Feels like a laparoscopic hand with robotic capabilities • Enter the room at any moment • Weight: 12 years, 1200 pounds • Surgeon console on sterile field

  15. What Will Our Patients Want? • Smallest/least painful incisions • No external incisions: • Utilize pre-existing orifice • Stomach to peritoneum • Insufflate peritoneal cavity • Specimen out through mouth Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity. Kalloo AN et al, Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Jul;60(1):114-7.

  16. Will there be widespread use in urology? Will it become the standard of care?

  17. “There is no such thing as science fiction, only scientific eventuality” Steven Speilberg

  18. The Key To Our Success Will Be…. Preventing Errors Before They Happen

  19. match risk waste match The OK Model Preparedness Complexity

  20. Nerve Blocks Intub Equip Medications Code Cart Monitoring O2/Ambu IV CPB Preparedness Interscalene Radial Popliteal Axillary Digital Complexity

  21. Ultrasound/Imaging to Minimize Risk • Identify nerves and surrounding structures • Avoid intravascular injection • Avoid nerve stimulation • Avoid paresthesias • Monitor spread of local anesthetic • 95% success rate

  22. Ultrasonography and PNB’s • Available at bedside • Portable • Non-invasive • Can be used in the OR • Affordable

  23. Anesthesiology: Ultrasound Guided Vascular Access • Identify target vessel • Determine size, location, patency • Identify abnormal anatomy and variations • Minimize unsuccessful needle sticks • Improves efficiency and proficiency • Avoid vital structures • Unintended arterial punctures • Pneumothorax • Hematoma • Reduce patient discomfort and anxiety

  24. The Bottom Line…. Brings us to the level where we want to BE! ….or not be

  25. Earlier and Earlier Discharge • Total knee arthroplasty LOS 4-5 days • Utilize ambulatory continuous femoral nerve block • Multimodel analgesia regimen at home • In place for 4 days • Good pain control and minimal sleep disturbances • Patients discharged POD 1 • What’s Next: Nissen, CEA, Thyroid?? Anesth Anal 2006;102:82-90

  26. Wireless Monitoring • Facilitate transport and early ambulation • Wireless nondisposable biomedical sensor prototype (WisMos) • Same accuracy as with a wired sensor • Standard OR equipment with no interference • WisMos Prototype: Displays 3 invasive BPs, and 2-channel, 5 lead ECG’s • Future version: pulse oximetry and 2 Temps Oyr: Anesth Analg 2006;102-478-83

  27. Airways with a View • ETT with an embedded tiny video camera • Continuous visual control of intubation procedure • Effective ventilation when in place • Continuous monitoring of ETT position • Application to first responders, ER, resuscitation and telemedicine

  28. We Will Figure Out How Inhalation Agents Work? • Certain nematodes shares 60% of the genes in humans • Isoflurane delivered via a gas chamber - distance traveled, speed, top speed, roaming range, track patterns • Number of genes associated with isoflurane response narrowed to 10 mutations • Finding may help design more specific anesthetic agents without affecting other brain functions leading to untoward effects Meiler, ASA 2005

  29. Alternative to Inhaled Anesthetics: Xenon • Rapid induction/recovery and CV stability • Lowest blood-gas coefficient (0.115) • Similar recovery time with propofol/remifentanil • Beneficial cardiovascular effects Br. J Anesth 2005;94:198-202

  30. Anesthesiology May Go Molecular

  31. The Operating Room & Perioperative Clinical Genomics “The OR is the last physiology laboratory in medicine”

  32. Perioperative Genomics: • Polymorphisms (genetic variations) have been categorized • May become part of OR arsenal to ENSURE PATIENT SAFETY • Marathon Runner: O2 consumption ↑ 15X, CO2 exhalation ↑ 8X, HR 200, catecholamines double • CPB: 10X ↑ in catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) • Bottom Line: Examine DNA changes to PREDICT negative surgical outcome

  33. Adverse Outcomes Studied • Myocardial ischemia • Postoperative arrhythmias • Vein graft restenosis • Neurocognitive dysfunction • Stroke • Bleeding/Thrombosis • Sepsis • Death

  34. Will Cardiology Consults Become Extinct? Avoid hypertension, tachycardia, volume overload and consider invasive monitoring including a PAC. Strongly recommended the use of perioperative B-blockers to minimize cardiovascular risk. Straight local or block would be preferred to GA.

  35. Where Will We Be in 2025? • Critical care beds hit 50% in teaching hospitals • Robotics, information intensive layouts, voice activation • Credentialing based on demonstrated competence • Turf wars • Imaging and invasive catheters over surgery • Genetic-molecular medicine • Drugs with little or no risk ASA Task Force 2004

  36. Opportunities for the Future • Hospital leaders in the future • Diversification of practice paradigm • Interventional pain management • Outpatient palliative care • The rapid changes are already taking place • Are you capable of changing and adapting yourself for the future?

  37. The answer must be YES since your are… attending “Positioning Your OR’s For the Future”

  38. Moving Forward Let’s take charge of: OUR FUTURE! …as opposed to having our future taken charge of by others http://www.dennisbike.com/images/up%20the%20garden% 20climb,jacques-maynes%20taking%20charge%20of%20the%20pace_std.jpg

  39. Thank You for attending our symposium!

  40. Ether Monument

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