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Do Now: 5/25

Dive into the pivotal events in U.S. history from 1974-1992, including the Oil Crisis, Helsinki Accords, and the Presidency of Gerald Ford. Gain insights into key moments with a timeline and noteworthy policies.

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Do Now: 5/25

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  1. Do Now: 5/25 • Complete Oil Consumption in the 1970’s worksheet • Answer the Questions

  2. Timeline of Major Events in U.S. History1974-1992

  3. Yom Kippur War • 1973 • Israel against Syria and Egypt • US sent aid to Israel Arab nations cut off oil sales to US • OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • 1974- Resumed sales • Oil prices quadrupled

  4. President Gerald Ford 1974-1977

  5. Pardon of Nixon • September 8, 1974 • Attempt to move the country beyond Watergate • Cost Ford a good deal of public support In the event of a Watergate trial, Ford argued, “ugly passions would again be aroused…And the credibility of our free institutions…would be challenged at home and abroad.”

  6. “Whip Inflation Now” • Inflation rose to over 10% by end of 1974 • Called on Americans to cut back on their use of oil and gas and to take other energy-saving measures • No incentives failed • Tried “tight money” policy • Cut government spending • Restricted credit • Triggered worst economic recession in 40 years

  7. Helsinki Accords • July 1975 • Helsinki, Finland • 35 nations, including Soviet Union, signed a series of agreements that promised greater cooperation between the nations of Eastern and Western Europe • Ford’s greatest accomplishment

  8. Mayaguez Incident • May 1975 • Communist government of Cambodia seized the U.S. merchant ship Mayaguez in the Gulf of Siam • 39 crew members • Rescue operation cost the lives of 41 US troops

  9. Assassination Attempts • 1st- September 5, 1975- Sacramento, California • Lynette “Squeaky” Fromm- Follower of Charles Manson • Colt-45 Handgun- No bullet in the firing chamber • Sentenced to life in prison • 2nd – September 22, 1975– San Francisco, Cal. • Sara Jane Moore

  10. Election of 1976 • Republican- Gerald Ford- 39.1 million (240) • * Democrat- Jimmy Carter- 40.8 million (297) • Peanut Farmer • Former governor of Georgia • Down to earth charm • Refused to play the “insider” game of deal making “We could run an aardvark this year and win.”

  11. President Jimmy Carter 1977-1981

  12. Plains, Georgia

  13. Energy Crisis • America’s reliance on imported oil • Carter presented with more than 100 proposals on energy conservation and development • National Energy Act- placed a tax on gas-guzzling cars, removed price controls on oil and natural gas produced in US, and extended tax credits for the development of alternative energy

  14. “Malaise” Speech- July 15, 1979 I want to talk to you right now about a fundamental threat to American democracy.... I do not refer to the outward strength of America, a nation that is at peace tonight everywhere in the world, with unmatched economic power and military might. ... The threat is nearly invisible in ordinary ways. It is a crisis of confidence. It is a crisis that strikes at the very heart and soul and spirit of our national will. We can see this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation. • 1979- inflation at 11.3% • 1980- inflation at 14%

  15. Domestic Policies • January 20, 1977- issued an Executive Order declaring unconditional amnesty for Vietnam War-era draft evaders • 1977- Appointed Andrew Young- U.S. ambassador to the United Nations (African American) • Appointed 28 African Americans, 29 women, and 14 Latinos to judicial branch • No major civil rights legislation passed

  16. Human Rights Campaigns • Established Bureau of Human Rights in the State Department • Cut off military aid to Argentina and Brazil (imprisoned and tortured own citizens) • Recognized leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua in 1979 • Obtained a treaty providing joint control of Panama Canal until 2000

  17. Camp David Accords • 1978- 13 days of intense negotiation • Egyptian president- Anwar el-Sadat • Israeli prime minister- Menachem Begin • 1st signed peace agreement with an Arab country, Israel agreed to withdraw from the Sinai peninsula (seized in 1967) • Egypt recognized Israel’s right to exist

  18. SALT II Treaty • President Carter and Leonid Brezhnev • June 1979 • Provided for limits on the number of strategic weapons and nuclear-missile launchers that each side could produce

  19. Intervention in Afghanistan • Mujahideen- Muslim rebel group intent on overthrowing pro-Soviet Afghan government • December 1979- Soviets invaded the neighboring country of Afghanistan • President Carter refused to fight for SALTII and the treaty died • American intelligence operatives armed Afghan rebels and trained them in terrorist tactics • Last Soviet troops pulled out in Feb. 1989

  20. Carter Doctrine • Threatened use of any means necessary to prevent an outside force from gaining control of the Persian Gulf • Barred U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow • Required 19 year olds to register for the draft

  21. Iran Takes Hostages in Iran • January 1979- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led rebels in overthrowing the shah and establishing a religious state • Oct. 1979- shah entered US to receive cancer treatment • November 4, 1979- armed students seized US embassy in Tehran and took 66 American hostages (13 released) • Militants demanded US send shah back in return for release of hostages

  22. Captives released on January 20, 1981 • 444 days

  23. The “Me” Decade Life in the 1970s

  24. Television • Sesame Street • All in the Family- Archie and Edith Bunker • Chico and the Man- 1st series set in a Mexican-American barrio • The Mary Tyler Moore Show- Independent Women • Roots- January 1977, 8 part miniseries

  25. TV Events of the 1970s • A congressional ban on TV cigarette commercials takes effect in 1971 • ABC negotiated an $ 8 million a year contract to televise Monday Night Football, first broadcast in Sept. 1970 • Saturday Night Live premiered Oct. 1975 • Nov. 1979- ABC began broadcasting late night updates on the hostage crisis in Iran • Evolved into program Nightline with Ted Koppel

  26. Box Office • Star Wars (1977) • Jaws (1975) • Grease (1978) • The Exorcist (1973) • The Sting (1973) • Animal House (1978) • The Godfather (1972) • Superman: The Movie (1978) • The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) • Close Encounters Of The Third Kind (1977)

  27. Disco • Bee Gees- Australian Group • Saturday Night Fever- 1977 • Fashion- • Men Brightly patterned synthetic shirts, bell-bottoms, platform shoes/boots • Women Wildly patterned dresses or jumpsuits with high heels or boots • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69VsAEafSgM

  28. Music • More reflective and less political • Softer • Barry Manilow • John Denver • ABBA • Eagles

  29. Fads and Fashion • Button Craze- 20 million smile buttons sold by fall of 1971 • T-shirts- Personalized messages • Skateboards • Mood Rings • CB radios- “handles”, jargon, and code words • Aerobics and Running • Jim Fixx’s The Complete Book of Running 1977

  30. Conservative Coalition • An alliance of business leaders, middle-class voters, disaffected Democrats, and fundamentalist Christians • Influential televangelists- Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson • Moral Majority- Believed in absolute standards of right and wrong • Condemned liberal attitudes and behaviors

  31. Election of 1980 “A recession is when you neighbor loses his job. A depression is when you lose yours. And recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his.” • Republican- Ronald Reagan • 489 Electoral Votes • 44 million • Democrats- Jimmy Carter • 49 Electoral Votes • 36 million • Republicans gained control of the Senate

  32. President Ronald Reagan 1981-1989

  33. Assassination Attempt • March 30, 1981 • Reagan, his press secretary James Brady, and two others were struck by gunfire • John Hinckley, Jr. • Missing Reagan’s heart by less than one inch the bullet instead pierced his left lung, causing it to collapse “Honey, I forgot to duck.” (line used by boxer Jack Dempsey)

  34. Reaganomics • Supply-side economics • Budget Cuts • Tax Cuts • Increased defense spending • Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) • Defense system that would keep Americans safe from enemy missiles • By end of Reagan’s 1st term the national debt almost doubled

  35. Election of 1984 • Republicans- Ronald Reagan • VP- George HW Bush • Democrats- Walter Mondale • VP- Geraldine Ferraro • Reagan and Bush won by a landslide

  36. Central American and Caribbean Policy • Nicaragua- (1982-1990)Opposed to military buildup of Sandinista government and its aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador, U.S. trains and aids Nicaraguan Contra rebels • Grenada- (Oct. 25, 1983) 1200 marines and 700 Army Rangers restore law and order after overthrow of Bishop government • Panama- (Dec. 20, 1989) In Operation Just Cause, 22,000 U.S. troops overthrow General Manuel Noriega

  37. Iran-Contra Affair • 1983- Iranian terrorist groups took American hostages in Lebanon “America will never make concessions to terrorists.” • 1986- Americans learned Reagan approved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for promise to release the 7 hostages • Profits from illegal arms sales sent to the Contras in Nicaragua • In early 1988- Congressional investigation indicted various members of Reagan admin.

  38. State of the Union Address • January 27, 1987 • “Though we’ve made progress, I have one major regret. I took a risk with regard to our nation in Iran. It did not work, and for that I assume full responsibility.”

  39. HIV/AIDS • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-1982 • Earlier called GRID (gay-related immune deficiency) • “gay cancer” • Gays Intravenous drug users Blood transfusions Women Children • April 1984- isolated the virus (HIV)

  40. HIV/AIDS • By December 1987 • 71,751 cases of AIDS had been reported to the World Health Organisation • Estimated 5 to 10 million people were infected with HIV worldwide, with 150,000 cases of AIDS expected to develop in the following 12 months and up to 3 million within the next 5 years.

  41. AIDS quilt- 1987 636,000 people in the United States with an AIDS diagnosis have died

  42. 2011 Statistics • HIV statistics for the end of 2011 indicate that around 34 million people are living with HIV • Each year around 2.5 million more people become infected with HIV and 1.7 million die of AIDS • 1.3 million people are living with HIV in the United States of America, with a fifth unaware of their status • Since the epidemic began, an estimated 1,155,792 people in the USA have been diagnosed with AIDS

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