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Understanding Stroke: Types, Diagnosis, and Prevention

Explore the types of stroke, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and prevention methods to understand this medical emergency better. Learn about risk factors, epidemiology, and the importance of primary and secondary prevention strategies.

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Understanding Stroke: Types, Diagnosis, and Prevention

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  1. Stroke by: Katarina Batinjan Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. CVA- medical emergency • can cause permanent neurologicaldamage, complications and death • in the western world - second most common cause of death and disability

  3. Risk factorsfor stroke include: • advanced age • hypertension* • previous stroke • diabetes • high cholesterol • cigarette smoking

  4. Three types: • thrombotic • embolic ischemic • hemorrhagic

  5. Thrombotic stroke • ischemic stroke caused by thrombosis • a thrombus (blood clot) usually forms around atherosclerotic plaques • causes occlusion of the vessel

  6. Large vessel disease - atherosclerosis - inflammatory diseases (Takayasuarteritis, giant cell arteritis, vasculitis...) • Small vessel disease - branches of the circle of Wilisi, middle cerebral artery ...

  7. What type of anemia can we associate with thrombotic stroke?

  8. Sickle cell anemia

  9. Diagnosis • neurological examination

  10. CT scans • MRI scans • Doppler ultrasound • arteriography

  11. Treatment • removing blood clot from the vessel by breaking clot • fast reaction → blood flow restored → smaller number of brain cells die

  12. How can we break a clot?

  13. thrombectomy - mechanical • thrombolysis – using drugs

  14. Epidemiology • stroke could soon be the most common cause of death worldwide • "stroke belt" in southeastern U S • 95% of strokes occur in people age 45+, and two-thirds of strokes occur in the over-65group

  15. men 1.25 times more likely to suffer strokes than women • previous stroke increases risk of future stroke

  16. How can we prevent stroke?

  17. Primary prevention - stop smoking, exercise...

  18. Secondary prevention - anticoagulation drugs

  19. References • www.wikipedia.org • Medical English handout (Chabner) • www.healthline.com

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