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Chapter 5 Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses

Chapter 5 Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses. Drug Preparations. Oral route Generally easiest for patient Most convenient for nurse to administer. Oral Route: Tablets. Powdered drugs compressed solid shapes Scored Coated Enteric coated Prolonged release or extended release

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Chapter 5 Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses

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  1. Chapter 5Drug Preparations and Equipment to Measure Doses

  2. Drug Preparations • Oral route • Generally easiest for patient • Most convenient for nurse to administer

  3. Oral Route: Tablets • Powdered drugs compressed solid shapes • Scored • Coated • Enteric coated • Prolonged release or extended release • Sublingual • Coded • Capsules

  4. Oral Route • Capsules • Lozenges • Syrups • Elixirs • Fluid extracts and tinctures • Solutions • Suspensions

  5. Oral Route (cont.) • Magmas • Gels • Emulsions • Powders

  6. Parenteral Route • Injection • Intradermal • Subcutaneous • Intramuscular • Intravenous

  7. Topical Route • Aerosol powders or liquids • Powders • Creams • Ointments • Pastes • Suppositories • Transdermal • Topical drops (eye, nose, ear)

  8. Practices to Measure Liquids Accurately • Pour liquids to line • Pour liquids at eye level

  9. Equipment to Measure Liquids

  10. Medicine Cup • Disposable container • Plastic • Paper • Equivalent measures

  11. Syringes • 3 mL syringes • Marking to nearest tenth • 1 mL syringe • Marking to nearest hundredth • Insulin syringe • Marking in units

  12. Rounding off Numbers • When the last number is 5 or more, add 1 to the previous number • When the number is 4 or less, drop the last number

  13. Question Is the following statement true or false? 2.55 becomes 2.5

  14. Answer False 2.55 becomes 2.6 because when the last number is 5 or more, add 1 to the previous number.

  15. Rounding off Numbers for Syringes • 3 mL syringe: carry out two decimal places and round off to the nearest tenth • 1 mL precision syringe: carry out three places and round off to the nearest hundredth

  16. Gauge • Needle’s diameter or width • The higher the gauge number, the smaller the needle’s diameter

  17. Needles

  18. Question Which needle has the smallest diameter? • 18 • 21 • 23 • 25

  19. Answer D. 25 The higher the gauge number, the smaller the needle’s diameter; 18 gauge needle has the largest needle diameter, and 25 gauge needle has the smallest needle diameter.

  20. Needle Choice • Route of administration • Size and condition of patient • Amount of adipose tissue present at site

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