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Some Basic Graphs. ConstantIdentityAbsolute Value. Square RootQuadraticCubic. Vertical Shifts. Suppose c is a positive number and f(x) is a given functionh(x) = f(x) c is a shift upward by c units.h(x) = f(x) ? c is a shift downward by c units. . Horizontal Shifts. Suppose c is a positiv
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1. Shifting, Reflecting, and Stretching Graphs
2. Some Basic Graphs Constant
Identity
Absolute Value Square Root
Quadratic
Cubic
3. Vertical Shifts Suppose c is a positive number and f(x) is a given function
h(x) = f(x) + c is a shift upward by c units.
h(x) = f(x) – c is a shift downward by c units.
4. Horizontal Shifts Suppose c is a positive number and f(x) is a given function.
h(x) = f(x-c) is a shift right by c units.
h(x) = f(x+c) is a shift left by c units.
5. Reflections If y = f(x) is a given function,
h(x) = -f(x) is a reflection through the x-axis.
h(x) = f(-x) is a reflection through the y-axis.
6. Nonrigid Transformations Suppose y = f(x) is a given function, and a is a positive real number.
h(x) = af(x) stretches the graph vertically if a > 1
If 0 < a < 1, the graph is compressed.
7. Nonrigid Transformations If a < 0, in addition to the effects on the previous slide, the graph is reflected through the x-axis.