Air Quality Impacts from Airport Related Emissions: Atlanta Case Study

1. Air Quality Impacts from Airport Related Emissions:Atlanta Case Study M. Talat Odman Georgia Institute of Technology School of Civil & Environmental Engineering Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology

2. History • NASA (Glenn) funded UMR’s COE for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research • In 2003, we got funded to complement NASA’s Aviation Particle Emissions research • We studied the air quality impact of Atlanta International Airport • In 2005, we published our results in Atmospheric Environment (39: 5787–5798) • “Airport related emissions and impacts on air quality: Application to the Atlanta International Airport” by A. Unal, Y. Hu, M. E. Chang, M. T. Odman, A. G. Russell • Since then, there have been several studies to characterize commercial aircraft emissions, particularly PM • APEX campaign series • Delta Atlanta Hartsfield study Georgia Institute of Technology

3. Objectives • Improve emissions estimation and processing for aircrafts • PM2.5 estimation • Temporal and spatial distribution • Determine the impact of aircraft emissions on regional air quality for PM2.5 and O3 • Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport • Annual LTO > 420,000 Georgia Institute of Technology

4. Hartsfield-Jackson Airport Grid domains (12-km and 4-km) Georgia Institute of Technology

5. Emissions Inventory • Fall Line Air Quality Study (August 11-20, 2000) • Meteorological data • Emissions data (EDMS 4.01) • First Order Approximation (FOA) for PM2.5 Developed by FAA (Wayson and Fleming, 2003) Georgia Institute of Technology

6. Emissions Inventory • PM2.5 Estimation (Characteristic Value) • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) database • SN and FF for different aircraft and engine types • Used characteristic value SN • 70 tons/year PM2.5 Georgia Institute of Technology

7. Emissions Inventory • PM2.5 Estimation (Mode Specific) • Used mode specific values • SN available mostly for takeoff • Established statistical relation b/w takeoff and other modes (climb-out, approach, idle) • 27 tons/year PM2.5 Georgia Institute of Technology

8. Emissions Inventory Georgia Institute of Technology

9. Annual PM Emissions Temporal Distribution Spatial Distribution Speciation Annual Gas Emissions Air Quality Model Ready Emissions Emissions Processing Georgia Institute of Technology

10. Emissions Processing Georgia Institute of Technology

11. Aircraft Impact: Ozone Mode Specific Characteristic Value Maximum sensitivity of regional concentrations to aircraft emissions Georgia Institute of Technology

12. Aircraft Impact: PM2.5 Mode Specific Characteristic Value Maximum sensitivity of regional concentrations to aircraft emissions Georgia Institute of Technology

13. GSE Impact PM2.5 Ozone Maximum sensitivity of regional concentrations to GSE emissions Georgia Institute of Technology

14. Summary • Detailed assessment of PM2.5 emissions with improved emissions processing • Maximum impact on ozone: • 56 ppb (Characteristic Value) • 20 ppb (Mode Specific) • Maximum impact on PM2.5: • 25 μg/m3 (Characteristic Value) • 4.4 μg/m3 (Mode Specific) Georgia Institute of Technology

15. Summary • Results are for the modeled episode (August 11-20, 2000): Impacts at other times may be more or less • Distribution of emissions spatially (compared to dumping in the airport grid cell(s) at the ground level) impacts ozone and PM2.5 significantly • GSE impact on ozone and PM2.5: • Lower • More local Georgia Institute of Technology

16. Acknowledgements • Dr. Tom Nissalke, Director of Environment & Technology, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport • Mr. Doug Strachan of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport • Dr. Steven Baughcum of Boeing Company • Mr. Curtis Holsclaw, Manager of Emissions Division, Federal Aviation Administration, • Ms. Debbie Calevich-Wilson of Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. • Ms. Julie Draper of the Office of Environment and Energy, Federal Aviation Administration • Dr. Chowen Wey of NASA Glenn • NASA Glenn for financial support. Georgia Institute of Technology

17. Georgia Institute of Technology

18. Aircraft Impact – Mode Specific PM2.5 O3 Average sensitivity of regional concentrations to aircraft emissions Georgia Institute of Technology

19. Aircraft Impact – Mode Specific PM2.5 O3 Difference Plot of Default – 3D Spatial Distributed Emissions Maximum Sensitivity of regional concentrations to spatial distribution of aircraft emissions Georgia Institute of Technology

20. Aircraft Impact – Mode Specific PM2.5 O3 Difference Plot of Default – 3D Spatial Distributed Emissions Average Sensitivity of regional concentrations to spatial distribution of aircraft emissions Georgia Institute of Technology