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Chapter 7

Chapter 7 . Executive Branch-Purpose?. President of the United States. Qualifications: 35 years old Native Born American Citizen (not defined) Resident of the United States for 14 years. Voting for President. Process? Total possible votes? How many votes are needed to have a majority?

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Executive Branch-Purpose?

  2. President of the United States • Qualifications: • 35 years old • Native Born American Citizen (not defined) • Resident of the United States for 14 years

  3. Voting for President • Process? • Total possible votes? • How many votes are needed to have a majority? • Who chooses the president if there is no majority?

  4. Term in Office • How long is a president’s term? • What is the term limit? • Why? • Who set the precedent for the limit? Why was this important? • Maximum years in office?

  5. Vice President • "My country has in its wisdom contrived for me the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived.”- John Adams • President of the Senate- Break Ties • Presidential Succession Act of 1947- VP is second in line • 25th Amendment- • If VP is removed, the President appoints new VP. • If President is incapacitated, how power is transferred to VP.

  6. Constitutional Powers- Carry out laws • Veto Bills • Call congress into special session • Commander inChief of Armed Services • Meet with foreign leaders • Make treaties (w/ Senate approval) • Appoint heads of agencies, federal judges, and ambassadors (w/ Senate approval) • Pardon and reduce penalties for people convicted of federal crimes

  7. Roles of President • Chief Executive= “To take care that laws are faithfully executed.” • In charge of Presidential cabinet and the departments they represent to execute federal law. • Departments: Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Justice, Labor, State, Interior, Treasury, Transportation, and Veterans Affairs

  8. Chief Diplomat • Directs foreign policy • Commander-in-Chief • Head of the military- highest military rank • Backs up foreign policy with military power • War Powers Resolution of 1973: President must notify Congress 48 hours before s/he sends troops into a conflict, and troops must begin to come home after 60 days without Congressional support (30 days to come home). Total of 90 days. • Head of State • Living symbol of our sovereignty (Constitution)- Representative of a nation to other nations. • Example: Monarch in England

  9. Economic Leader • Plans the federal budget • Party Leader • Represents the highest position in his/her political party

  10. Foreign Policy • A nation’s plan for how it will achieve goals with other nations- Goals: • National Security: essential to the function of government. • International Trade: Economic prosperity and influence over other nations. • Promote Peace (sometimes) • Promote Democracy (…sometimes)

  11. Tools to achieve Foreign Policy • Treaties and Executive Agreements: Agreements between nations. • Example: NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization

  12. 2. Appointing Ambassadors 3. International Trade: • Trade Sanction: one country punishes another by cutting off trade. (Example: U.S. and Cuba) • Embargo: when a group of countries punishes another by cutting off trade. (Example: Iran. Why?) • Determine tariffs (taxes) on other countries or the creation of free trade. 4. Military Force

  13. Foreign Aid

  14. Advisors and Agencies • Executive Office of the President (EOP): Created by FDR to surround the president with his/her closest advisors in the White House. • OMB: Office of Management and Budget- helps to prepare the budget and monitor government agency’s spending. • NSC: National Security Council (VP, Secretary of State/Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff) Army, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard, and Air Force

  15. BUREAUCRACY • Cabinet: Presidential advisors which lead the 15 different executive departments. • Bureaucracy: complex systems with many departments, many rules, and people in a chain of command. • Below the President are over 3 million employees which help to carry out federal law. • Manage day-to-day activities (collect taxes, patrol borders, airport safety…) • Regulate activities: FDA (Food and Drug Administration), FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)

  16. What is in the bureaucracy? • Government Corporations- Run business, but not for a profit. • Post Office • Regulatory Boards and Commissions: Regulate and enforce certain rules on business and specified groups. • FCC (Federal Communications Commission) • Departments • Executive Agencies • CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) and NASA

  17. Government Workers • Political appointees: positions approved by the president • Civil service worker: national government employee who has position from administration to administration. • Spoils System: jobs given to political appointees for support or as a favor. • Pendleton Act (1883): placed a limit on political appointees to limit the corruption in Spoils system. • Merit system: best qualified receives employment (derived from civil service workers).

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