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Smarter & Faster Borders: Are They Really?

Smarter & Faster Borders: Are They Really?. AAEA Annual Meetings NAFTA at Year Ten: Impacts & Issues for Canada, Mexico, & the United States Parr Rosson & Flynn Adcock Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University. Two Distinct Eras. Post CUSTA/NAFTA-Who’s in Charge??

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Smarter & Faster Borders: Are They Really?

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  1. Smarter & Faster Borders:Are They Really? AAEA Annual Meetings NAFTA at Year Ten: Impacts & Issues for Canada, Mexico, & the United States Parr Rosson & Flynn Adcock Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University

  2. Two Distinct Eras • Post CUSTA/NAFTA-Who’s in Charge?? • Increased Truck/Rail/Noncommercial Traffic • Focus on Drug Interdiction, Expediting Cargo, & Illegal Immigration • Post 9/11-Bureau of Customs & Border Protection in Charge!! • Truck/Rail/Noncommercial Traffic • Focus on Terrorism, Illegal Immigration, Drugs, Expediting Cargo • US Borders ‘Last Line of Defense’ Not First

  3. Smarter, Faster Borders‘The Task at Hand’ • Border Infrastructure • 5,252 mile border with Canada • 1,989 mile border with Mexico • 300 Land Ports of Entry-Exit • 95,000 miles Coastline & Waterways • 300 U.S. Seaports • 429 Commercial Airports

  4. What Was Done? • Formed Dept. of Homeland Security • Customs, APHIS Inspectors, INS Inspectors & Border Patrol • Food & Drug Admin. Still Operates at Border, but Under Dept. of Health & Human Svcs. • Improve Coordination, Control, Entry/Exit • Many New Programs Developed

  5. Department of Homeland Security Secretary ---------------------------------- Deputy Secretary Under Secretary Science & Technology Under Secretary Information Analysis & Infrastructure Protection Under Secretary Emergency Preparedness & Response Under Secretary Management Under Secretary Border & Transportation Security Border Security Functions: Transportation Security Administration U.S. Customs Service Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service Immigration & Naturalization Service Effective March 1st, 2003

  6. Selected Wait Times for Commercial Truck Entering the United States, July 25, 2003 10 Min Blaine 5-10 Min 0 Min Detroit Buffalo Calexico El Paso 15 Min 0 Min Laredo Brownsville 15-40 Min 5-15 Min

  7. Legislation/Regulations • Bioterrorism Act 2002 (BTA) • 24 Hour Notification Rule-NAFTA Exempt • FDA Prior Notice Rule: Noon Day Before • FAST- US/Canada Expedited Cargo Release • Customs-Trade Partnership Act Against Terrorism- Cargo Security (C-TPAT) • Automated Customs Environment (ACE) • Container Security Initiative (CSI)

  8. SMART Border Accords-US/Canada 30 Point Plan • People • Biometric Identification • Resident Cards • Visa Issuance Coordination • Air Preclearance • Compatible Data Bases • Joint Staffing by Immigration Officers

  9. SMART Border Accords • Cargo • Harmonized Processing • Preclearance Away from Borders • Joint Facilities • Share Customs Data • Target Containers at Seaports

  10. SMART Border Accords • Infrastructure & Security • Intelligent Transport Systems • Protection • Aviation Security • Integrated Enforcement Teams • Fingerprints • Remove Deportees • Freeze Terrorist Assets

  11. Implications • Many New Programs at Borders • Central Control • Cargo & People Are Moving, But • Inconsistent Rules-FDA Not in DHS Loop • Still Understaffed

  12. Implications • Concerns About Coordination • Resolution of Prior Notification Rule • Implications for Supply Chain Efficiency & Just-In-Time Delivery • Consequences of Increased Terror Threat • Information Systems Compatibility in DHS

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