Japan’s Pacific Campaign

1. Japan’s Pacific Campaign • Main Idea: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and brought the US into WWII • Why It Matters Now: WWII established the US as a leading player in international affairs Agenda To Get: - Handouts and readings from back shelf To Do: • Opener: Review Holocaust and Israeli/Palestinian Conflict • Lecture: Japan’s Pacific Campaign • Wings of Defeat: Challenging Historical Misconceptions • Exit Slip Questions

2. Reminders • NEXT FRIDAY, MAY 17th • Last day to turn in missing, make-up, or test corrections! • 8 A-DAYS remaining after today • We will test WWII next THURSDAY! • Remaining time will be reviewing for your final exam.

3. Opener Review: 1. What minority groups were targeted during the Holocaust? 2. Which group suffered the most deaths? How many approximately? 3. How are we still affected by decisions made following the war (in regards to Holocaust survivors.) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48167234

4. Japan’s Dreams • Japan wanted an empire • Took over Manchuria then heartland of China • Needed resources; targeted European colonies

6. Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor • With threat of Japan to US islands; the US helped China • US cut off oil supply to Japan (July 1941) • Japan hoped to surprise Europe and US with quick attacks • Adm. Yamamoto called for attack at Pearl Harbor – was conflicted about attacks; attended Harvard for three years

7. Day of Infamy • December 7, 1941 • Morning attack of Pearl Harbor naval base • US aware of possible attack • Large casualties in both men and ships • President Roosevelt, “a date which will live in infamy.” • US declares war on Japan and allies http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roosevelt_Infamy.ogg

8. Video Video One - Pearl Harbor Footage and FDR Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnWXSIy412I • Why is it important that FDR’s statements were televised? • The attack on Pearl Harbor is seen a turning point in _____________ history.

9. Japanese Victories Guam and Wake Island fall to Japan • Turn their attention to Philippines • U.S. and Pilipino take up defensive position on Bataan Peninsula • Japanese take Peninsula • Brutal treatment was used against prisoners • Japan tells conquered Asians “East Asia for the Asiatics” hoping for support • They are too cruelto new colonies to gain Asian support

11. Japanese Treatment of Prisoners • Considered surrender dishonorable • Bataan Death March – 50 mile forced-march of allied prisoners • 70,000 reduced to 54,000

12. Allies Strike Back • April 1942- Doolittle bombs Japan showing they can be hit • Battle of Coral Sea- major airbase for Allies • Only planes involved in battle, prevented southward advance of Japan • Battle of Midway- US airfield near Hawaii • Adm. Nimitz broke code about attack • Hid fleet behind horizon and sent planes out

13. Allied Offensive • Midway turned tide of the Pacific war in favor of Allies • Gen. MacArthur developed “Island-hopping” • Take islands less defended & closer to Japan first • Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands) is 1st target • Costly battle field for both sides (Island of Death)

14. Battle of Iwo Jima •  19 February – 26 March 1945 • Major battle in which the USMC landed on and eventually captured the island from the Japanese • Operation Detachment, attempted to capture island three airfields • Provided a staging area for attacks on the Japanese mainland • Battle lasted five weeks - fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War of World War II

15. Flew along side one of the bombing runs that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima or Nagasaki. His job was to defend that plane from attack. Ben H. Pumphrey - 1924-2006 • High school football and track coaching legend • He was a graduate of Carlisle High School and the University of Kentucky • He was a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army Air Corps, flying 26 bombing missions over Japan in World War II. • He was well known around the state, having coached football and track from 1955 through 1999 at Carlisle High School, Millersburg Military Academy,Paris, Lexington Dunbar, Bellevue, Fleming County, Nicholas County, Mason County, Montgomery County and Harrison County.

16. Wings of Defeat - Kamikaze “Kamikaze” – Divine Wind – named after 13th Century battle with Korea when a strong storm prevented Korea from invading Japan. • Answer the synopsis question - 5 minutes 2. Read each individual’s statements about their personal experience OR motivation for creating this documentary on the Japanese perspective of the “Kamikaze.” Questions 2-4: 10 minutes

17. Wings of Defeat - Kamikaze “Kamikaze” – Divine Wind – named after 13th Century battle with Korea when a strong storm prevented Korea from invading Japan. • Answer the synopsis question - 5 minutes -Last resort to make all pilots “Tokkotai” -Trained teenagers to be doomed pilots -“Questions what responsibilities a government at war has to its soldiers and to its people.” 2. Read each individual’s statements about their personal experience OR motivation for creating this documentary on the Japanese perspective of the “Kamikaze.” Questions 2-4: 10 minutes

18. Write down AT LEAST one of these to add to your notes. • Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney Tell who they REALLY were Spotlight HUMAN cost of war • John Dower -Students today grow up in a world of violence shaped by war -Students do not UNDSTAND it (9/11 – do you remember it? Were you born then?) • Linda Hoaglund -Daughter of American missionaries, went to Japanese schools -Kids looked at her when they studied WWII/Bomb -Could not understand American perspective in college • Risa Morimoto -Japanese-American with Kamikaze uncle in the war, wanted to find truth of the experienced -Needed to talk to those who experience the war first hand • Tadao Morimoto -Academic view, Japan could not sustain suicide missions and win

19. Write down AT LEAST one of these to add to your notes. • Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney Tell who they REALLY were Spotlight HUMAN cost of war • John Dower -Students today grow up in a world of violence shaped by war -Students do not UNDSTAND it (9/11 – do you remember it? Were you born then?) • Linda Hoaglund -Daughter of American missionaries, went to Japanese schools -Kids looked at her when they studied WWII/Bomb -Could not understand American perspective in college • Risa Morimoto -Japanese-American with Kamikaze uncle in the war, wanted to find truth of the experienced -Needed to talk to those who experience the war first hand • Tadao Morimoto -Academic view, Japan could not sustain suicide missions and win