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M ARIO F . T RIOLA

S TATISTICS. E LEMENTARY. Section 1-3 Uses and Abuses of Statistics. M ARIO F . T RIOLA. E IGHTH. E DITION. Almost all fields of study benefit from the application of statistical methods. Uses of Statistics. Bad Samples. Abuses of Statistics. self-selected survey

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M ARIO F . T RIOLA

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  1. STATISTICS ELEMENTARY Section 1-3 Uses and Abuses of Statistics MARIO F. TRIOLA EIGHTH EDITION

  2. Almost all fields of study benefit from the application of statistical methods Uses of Statistics

  3. Bad Samples Abuses of Statistics

  4. self-selected survey (or voluntary response sample) one in which the respondents themselves decide whether to be included Definitions

  5. Loaded Questions Misleading Graphs Abuses of Statistics • Bad Samples • Small Samples

  6. Figure 1-1 Salaries of People with Bachelor’s Degrees and with High School Diplomas $40,500 $40,500 $40,000 $40,000 30,000 35,000 $24,400 30,000 20,000 $24,400 25,000 10,000 20,000 0 Bachelor High School Degree Diploma Bachelor High School Degree Diploma (a) (b)

  7. We should analyze the numericalinformation given in the graph instead of being mislead by its general shape.

  8. Pictographs Abuses of Statistics • Bad Samples • Small Samples • Loaded Questions • Misleading Graphs

  9. Double the length, width, and height of a cube, and the volume increases by a factor of eight Figure 1-2

  10. Abuses of Statistics • Precise Numbers • Distorted Percentages • Partial Pictures • Bad Samples • Small Samples • Loaded Questions • Misleading Graphs • Pictographs

  11. “Ninety percent of all our cars sold in this country in the last 10 years are still on the road.”

  12. Deliberate Distortions Abuses of Statistics • Bad Samples • Small Samples • Loaded Questions • Misleading Graphs • Pictographs • Precise Numbers • Distorted Percentages • Partial Pictures

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