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The Wonderful World of APA

The Wonderful World of APA. An Introduction to the American Psychological Association’s Style of Citation. Adapted with permission from Medicine Hat College Library Services http://www.mhc.ab.ca/library/. Why use APA?. It will help you to: Organize your ideas.

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The Wonderful World of APA

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  1. The Wonderful World of APA An Introduction to the American Psychological Association’s Style of Citation Adapted with permission from Medicine Hat College Library Services http://www.mhc.ab.ca/library/

  2. Why use APA? • It will help you to: • Organize your ideas. • Communicate more effectively with your audience. • Develop consistent documentation/writing style. • Avoid issues regarding plagiarism.

  3. Plagiarism • What is it? • It is intellectual theft – the conveyance of another person’s ideas or words as your own. • Includes: art, lyrics, music, photography, programming, research material (graphics and statistics) • Consequences? • Failure of assignment or class. • Removal from program or institution. • How can I avoid it? • Take accurate and complete notes. • Cite all borrowed information. • Use quotation marks around borrowed phrases and words. • What is Plagiarism?

  4. Basic Rules (Pt. 1) • Use standard 8.5 x 11 inch good quality white paper. • Font Style: 12-pt Times Roman • Double space throughout the paper. • Use a 1 in. (2.54 cm) margins on all sides of each page. • Left justify your margins • Indent the first line of every paragraph five– seven spaces (½ in. [standard <Tab> key]). • 2 spaces following the conclusion of a sentence. 1 space after other punctuation marks.

  5. Basic Rules (Pt. 2) • Paper is single sided. • All pages are numbered and have a running head. • Visuals may include graphs, photographs, tables, etc. Clearly label each visual with a title that concisely describes its subject. In the text of your paper refer to the visual by the title.

  6. Basic Rules (Pt. 3) • There is an order to the paper: • Title page • Abstract • Text • References • Footnotes • Tables • Figures • Appendices

  7. Headings • Used to organize the content of a paper. • Provides a visual cue to the reader – allows them to recognize the idea(s) that are to follow. • The 5 headings: Centered, Bold, Title Case Heading [Level 1] Flush Left, Bold, Title Case Heading [Level 2] Indented, bold, sentence case, paragraph heading ending with a period. . . . . [Level 3] 1” Margin 1” Margin Indented, bold, italicized, sentence case, paragraph heading ending with a period. . . . . [Level 4] Indented, italicized, sentence case, paragraph heading ending with a period. . . . . [Level 5]

  8. Citing Material • Two major components: • In-text/parenthetical citation • Placed in narrative of paper (when information is borrowed) • Directs reader to “References” page • “References” page citation (bibliographic information) • Contains the detailed bibliographic information about borrowed source material • Allows readers to verify source material

  9. 1” Margin 1” Margin Quoting • When employing a quote, you must display the author, year of publication and page number in your narration. • Sample: Some management theorists suggested, “that successful corporations must primarily produce brands, as opposed to products” (Klein, 2000, p. 3). [Version 1] OR Klein (2000) noted that some management theorists suggest, “that successful corporations must primarily produce brands, as opposed to products” (p. 3). [Version 2]

  10. Block Quoting • When block quoting, you must display the author, year and page number in your narration. • Sample: Klein (2000), in the book No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, wrote: The astronomical growth in the wealth and cultural influence of multinational corporations over the last fifteen years can arguably be traced back to a single, seemingly innocuous idea developed by management theorists in the mid-1980s: that successful corporations must primarily produce brands, as opposed to products. (p. 3) 1” Margin ½” 1” Margin

  11. 1” Margin 1” Margin Paraphrasing • When paraphrasing, you must display the author and year of publication in your narration. • Sample: It is suggested that management theories, developed in the mid-1980s, put forth the idea that branding is as important to corporate success as the actual product that is produced (Klein, 2000). [Version 1] OR Klein (2000) suggested that management theories, developed in the mid-1980s, put forth the idea that branding is as important to corporate success as the actual product that is produced. [Version 2]

  12. Bibliographic Information • Where do I find it? • Books • Title and publisher page • Online Public Access/Library Catalogues (OPACs) • Periodicals (journals, magazines, & newspapers) • Cover, table of contents, or publication page in periodical • Database’s (a.k.a. Online Periodical Index) abstract or citation • Web Pages • Scour the page and/or site (it will rarely be in one place) • Others (pamphlets, posters, audiovisual media, etc.) • Search carefully and provide as much information as possible

  13. Book Citation • Example: Toronto, Canada: (2000). Klein, N. No logo: Taking aim at the brand bullies. 1” Margin 1” Margin Vintage Canada. Double spaced. Hanging indent.

  14. Print Journal Article Citation • Example: Harvard Educational Review, Has Shulman got the strategy right? (1987). Sockett, H. T. (2), 57 208– 219. 1” Margin 1” Margin Double spaced. Hanging indent.

  15. Web Site Citation • Example: Research advances in the nursing sciences. (2004). Garth, P. E. 1” Margin 1” Margin from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/ survey1997-10/ Retrieved Double spaced. Hanging indent.

  16. Regulus, T. A. (1995). Gang violence. In R. L. Edwards (Ed.), Encyclopedia of social work (19th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 1045–1055). Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers. 1” Margin 1” Margin Additional Examples • Chapter/Section of a Book • In-text: • Regulus (1995) determined . . . . • . . . (Regulus, 1995).

  17. Additional Examples • Journal Article with DOI • In-text: • Yu et al. (2009) discovered that . . . . • It was discovered that . . . (Yu et al., 2009). Yu, H., Zhou, Y.-J., Li, G.-X., Zhang, G.-H., Liu, H.-L., Yan, . . . & Tong, G.-Z. (2009). Further evidence for infection of pigs with human-like influenza viruses in China. Virus Research, 140, 85–90. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2008.11.008 1” Margin 1” Margin

  18. Where can I find the DOI?

  19. Additional Examples • Journal Article with no DOI • In-text: • According to Sillick and Schutte (2008) . . . . • . . . (Sillick & Schutte, 2008). Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2) 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap 1” Margin 1” Margin

  20. Additional Examples • Newspaper Article – no author • In-text: • In the article “Rotor Blades Fail Inspection” (2002) . . . . • . . . (“Rotor Blades Fail Inspection,” 2002). Rotor blades fail inspection. (2002, July 27). Medicine Hat News, p. A1. 1” Margin 1” Margin

  21. Additional Examples • Wikis • In-text: • The article titled “American Psychological Association” (2009) suggests that . . . . • It has been suggested that . . . (“American Psychological Association,” 2009). American Psychological Association [Wiki article]. (2009, July 9). Retrieved July 20, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychological _Association 1” Margin 1” Margin

  22. 1” Margin 1” Margin Additional Examples • Video Blogs (e.g., YouTube) • In-text: • Simon Cowell, a notoriously difficult judge, said that Paul Potts's performance on Britain's Got Talent, "was a complete breath of fresh air" (myredroom, 2007). Cowell went on to say that, "I thought you were absolutely fantastic." myredroom. (2007, June 10). Paul sings NessunDorma high quality video/sound widescreen 16:9[Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k08yxu57NA

  23. Travel Alberta. (2002). Official Alberta vacation guide [Brochure]. Edmonton, Canada: Author. 1” Margin 1” Margin Additional Examples • Brochure • In-text: • In the brochure by Travel Alberta (2002) . . . . • . . . (Travel Alberta, 2002).

  24. 1” Margin 1” Margin Additional Examples • Video • In-text: • In the video Faces of Reality produced by Gillespie and directed by Ashworth (2000) . . . . • . . . (Gillespie & Ashworth, 2000). Gillespie, M. (Producer), & Ashworth, S. (Director). (2000). Faces of reality[Videotape]. Edmonton, Canada: Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission.

  25. 1” Margin 1” Margin Additional Examples • No Date • In-text: • In the text by Rosenthal (n.d.) . . . . • . . . (Rosenthal, n.d.). Rosenthal, R. (n.d.). Social research procedures. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

  26. Additional Resources • American Psychological Association. (2010).Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. • American Psychological Association. (2010). Concise rules of APA style (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. • APA Style.org - http://apastyle.org/

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