Weather & Climate

1. Weather & Climate

2. spring summer DO NOWDescribe these pictures in terms of atmospheric conditions. Fall winter

3. Weather & Climate

4. Weather & Climate • Troposphere ~ Weather sphere • Meteorologystudy of troposphere. • Temperature, Pressure • Humidity, R.H.,Cloud • Precipitation • Wind • Etc.

5. Weather & Climate • Earth’s temperature fluctuations/Seasons • Weather Short-term atmospheric conditions • Even though there are short term fluctuations in a year. Some regions exhibit on average mostly summer like weather and some mostly winter like weather conditions.

6. Weather & Climate • ClimateLong-term atmospheric conditions • Climate Regions • Polar ~ colder/freezing °Ts • Tropical ~ °Ts above freezing • Temperate ~ Regions between °Tropical and Polar experience the 4 seasons.

7. Earth’s Climates Less radiation Colder Polar Tropical More radiation Warmer Solar energy

10. Review • Atmospheric conditions: • Temperature and Precipitation • Short-term conditions: • Weather • Long-term conditions: • Climate • Cause: • Shape of the Earth

11. New Jersey Climate

12. Weather & Climate • Vocabulary Chapter 14 • Heat wave p 350 Graph + Qs. • SGCM 13.4 • Climate Conditions p 360 Graph + Qs.

13. Global Temperatures • Earth’s temperature fluctuations/Seasons

14. Climate Investigation • Worldwide Climate Zones °T • Graphing Climate Information °T & Precipitation Winnipeg Izmir Ulan Bator

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16. Air Mass • A volume of air with specific °T, P, & R.H. • Source Region ~ surface area where air masses pick up Moisture & Temperature Polar poles, cold continental land, dry Tropical Equator, warm maritime water, humid

17. Air Mass cA: drier & colder than cP mP: humid & cold cP: dry & cold mT: humid & warm cT: dry & warm

18. Air Mass • Review • Studying air masses over North America • HW: Air Mass worksheet

20. Review 1. The “weather” sphere: ( troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere ) 2. The short-term and current state of the atmosphere is called ( weather, climate ). 3. Which region receives more energy from the Sun? ( polar, temperate, tropical ) • The surface area over which an air mass takes up its temperature and moisture characteristics is called ( landform, maritime, source region, polar ). 5. Maritime means ( cold, dry, water, land ). 6. Dry air masses originate over ( water, equator, poles, land ). 7. Warm air masses originate near the ( poles, equator ).

21. Review cP cA or mT 8. Which air mass brings cold and dry air? _________________________ 9. Which air mass brings warm and moist air? ______________________ 10. Which air mass brings cold and moist air? ______________________ • Which air mass brings warm and dry air? _______________________ 12. Which air mass is similar to cP air mass but much colder? _________ 13. Which air mass brings warm and moist air to New Jersey? _________ 14. Which cold and dry air mass affects New Jersey weather? _________ Where does this air mass originate? ( Atlantic Ocean, Canada, Mexico ) mP cT cA mT cP

23. Weather Fronts • Review air masses for U.S. • Arrows on the map? • Movement of air masses • Weather.gov • NOAA visible cloud loop • Moving air masses and fronts

24. Global Temperatures • Earth’s temperature fluctuations/Seasons

25. Weather Fronts • Reasons for air mass movement: 1) Seasonal fluctuations of surface °T. Expansion of the air mass cP larger in winter mT larger in summer

26. Weather Fronts • 2) Pressure difference between air masses Higher P Lower P Pressure Slope/gradient

27. Weather Fronts 2) Pressure difference between air masses (continued) Movement from High P to Low P at the surface cold to warm Movement from High P to Low P at the surface coldto warm Cold air Warm air less dense, rises denser, sinks wind High P Low P

28. Weather Fronts • 2) Pressure difference between air masses Higher P Colder air Lower P Warmer air Pressure Slope/gradient

29. Weather Fronts • Front ~ boundary of an air mass with specific T, P, & R.H. • Air masses with different T, P, & R.H. do not mix. • They clash. • Front ~ term from war maps • Invading vs. defending • Front named after invading air mass

30. Weather Fronts • Events along a front boundary: • Temperature/Pressure change • Wind, Cloud, Precipitation Low P wind High P

31. Weather Fronts • Warm Front • Low Pressure, Slow moving, mT, cT cP cP mT mT mT

32. Warm Front • Slow rise of warm air • Gentle wind • Nimbostratus clouds • Slow/gentle rain • Long term event ( days ) wind Low P High P mT cP Low P High P

33. Weather Fronts • Cold Front High Pressure, Fast moving, cP, cA, mP cP cP mT

34. Weather Fronts • Cold Front High Pressure, Fast moving, cP, cA, mP cP mT

35. Cold Front • Fast moving • Forces warm air up • Strong winds • Cumulonimbus clouds • Thunderstorms • Short term event Low P High P cP mT Low P High P

36. Fronts Review

37. Fronts Review cT, mT cP, cA, mP Low High Slow Fast Long Short Nimbostratus Cumulonimbus

38. Weather Fronts • Weather.gov • NOAA • Review air masses for U.S. • Warm and Cold Fronts

39. StationaryFront • Two air masses meet • Not much °T & P difference • Neither one is moving forward cP mT

40. Occluded Front • Stationary fronts are unstable and short-lived.

41. Occluded Front cP Stationary Front to Occluded Front mT cP cP mT cP mT cP Wave Cyclone cP mT cP cP mT cP cP mT Fast Slow

42. Occluded Front • Wave Cyclone Nimbostratus Cumulonimbus

43. Review Fronts

44. Review • Types of Fronts based on type of air mass and movement.

45. Weather Fronts • Fronts Animation • http://www.sci.ccny.cuny.edu/~mcesaire/weatherA.html

46. Weather Fronts • NOAA Weather.gov

47. Global Winds

48. Weather Map Symbols • Wind direction and speed NW

49. WEATHER REPORT

50. Weather Fronts • NOAA Weather.gov